全球价值链重构趋势下中国面临的挑战、机遇及对策

Global Value Chain Restructuring:Challenges,Opportunities and Strategies for China

当前,全球价值链进入亟待重构的新阶段,朝着本土化、区域化和多元化方向发展。这既有国际分工自然演进规律的作用,也有危机冲击期间“非理性”因素的作用,更有贸易保护主义措施的影响。在此背景下,中国亟待促进产业链供应链升级,既面临着挑战,也蕴含着重大机遇。其中,挑战主要包括产业回流、不正当技术竞争以及布局调整带来的不利影响,而机遇则主要表现为创新驱动的倒逼效应、依托区域价值链构建的“低端锁定”突破效应以及扩大国际合作等。化解风险,把握机遇,中国需要探寻有效的对策思路。一方面,对于全球价值链分工演进推动的重构,需要做到因势利导,在顺应乃至引领经济全球化和国际分工演进发展大势中,推动中国产业链供应链升级;另一方面,积极应对贸易保护主义推动的全球价值链重构,通过进一步扩大开放和实施高水平开放,化解部分国家实施贸易保护主义可能带来的风险,着力推动中国产业链供应链升级,保障中国产业链供应链安全稳定。

Global value chains(GVCs)have entered a new stage of restructuring characterized by trends towards localization,regionalization and diversification.These trends can be attributed to the evolution of the international division,irrational responses to crisis shocks,and trade protectionism.In this context,China’s industrial and supply chain upgrades face both opportunities and challenges which require navigating the adverse effects of industrial re-shoring,unfair technology competition,and changes in the global industrial layout.Yet,such challenges may create pressures for China to accelerate innovation,overcome the low-end lock-up effect by creating regional value chains,and broaden international cooperation.China needs to explore an effective strategy to defuse risks and seize opportunities.On one hand,China should influence the restructuring of GVCs evolution and strengthen its supply chains by playing an active role in economic globalization and the international division.On the other hand,China should proactively respond to GVCs restructuring amid rising trade protectionism,defuse risks from trade protectionism by opening wider to the outside world,and strive to upgrade industrial and supply chains while enhancing the security and stability of their nation.