论《庄子》中的“转述”

On the Reported Discourse of Zhuangzi

“转述”是《庄子》文本中出现较为频繁的一种话语方式,它呈现对话特征以及转述者与被转述者的复杂关系。《庄子》中的“转述”作为一种话语方式有着深刻的历史文化根源,它既是上古闻道传统在《庄子》文章中的反映,又是战国时期辩对散文的构成部分和体现。转述言语的运用让庄子散文产生了独特的艺术效果,它营造了缥缈虚无的意境,形成了层叠交叉的结构,同时还增强了文章的“小说”趣味性。在《庄子》中,“转述”是一种话语方式,也是一种闻道方式,它一方面引出和论述了“道”,另一方面又背离了不可言说的“道”。但是在形式上,却是与“道”的理念相契合的,这种转述模式本身就是“道”的演绎方式的反映或隐喻。

"Reported discourse" is a kind of discourse that appears frequently in the text of Zhuangzi,which presents the features of dialogue and the complex relationship between the reporter and the reported one.As a way of discourse, "Reported discourse" in Zhuangzi has profound historical and cultural roots.In Zhuangzi’s articles,it is not only a reflection of the ancient tradition of hearing-Tao,but also a component and embodiment of debating prose during the warring states period.The use of "Reported discourse" gives Zhuangzi’s prose have a unique artistic effect,which creates a vague artistic conception,forms a layered and overlapping structure,and enhances the interest of the "tale" of the article.In Zhuangzi, "paraphrasing" is not only a way of discourse,but also a way of hearing Tao.On the one hand,it introduces and discusses Tao,on the other hand,it deviates from the unspeakable "Tao".However,in form,it is consistent with the concept of "Tao",and this mode of reporting itself is a reflection or metaphor of the deductive way of "Tao".