湖北省植被覆盖度时空变化特征与影响因素分析

Spatial and Temporal Variation Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Vegetation Coverage in Hubei Province

湖北省植被结构变化受自然和人类活动因素的影响较大,揭示湖北省植被变化的空间特征对其生态环境改善具有重要意义。基于MOD13Q1 NDVI数据计算湖北省的植被覆盖度,结合气象、DEM数据分析湖北省2000~2020年植被覆盖度的时空变化及分布格局,并探讨了其对气候变化、人类活动的响应。结果表明:(1)2000~2020年湖北省植被覆盖度总体呈现增加的趋势,增大区域集中在湖北省的西北部,十堰、神农架林区和随州周围;(2)局部地区存在植被退化现象,退化面积呈先减小后增加的趋势。2000~2005年植被恢复区域主要集中在西北部和西南部,退化区域分布在武汉、襄阳、仙桃和黄石等地区;2005~2010年湖北省整体植被覆盖状况相对较差,退化区域分布在西北部和东南部,十堰和武汉较为明显,改善区域集中湖北省中部、神农架林区、襄阳、随州和天门;2010~2015年湖北省植被退化面积减少,分布在东部和西北部;2015~2020年植被覆盖度整体呈现下降趋势;(3)湖北省的东北部、西南部以及襄阳等地区的植被覆盖度与气温、降水呈现正相关,随着海拔的升高,气温、降水及风速和植被覆盖度正相关和负相关所占比重逐渐减少;(4)人类因素对湖北省的生态环境有正影响,对植被恢复有促进作用;负影响主要集中在武汉周边城市、襄阳、荆州等区域。

The change of the vegetation structure in Hubei Province is greatly affected by natural and human activities.Revealing the spatial change characteristics of the vegetation in Hubei Province is of great significance to the vegetation restoration and improvement.The spatial change and distribution pattern of the vegetation coverage in Hubei Province from 2000 to 2020 were analyzed based on MOD13 Q1 NDVI data,and its response to climate change and human activities was revealed.The results show that:(1)From 2000 to 2020,the change of vegetation coverage in Hubei Province shows an overall increasing trend.The increasing areas were concentrated in the northwest of Hubei Province,Shiyan,Shennongjia forest areas and Suizhou;(2)There is vegetation degradation in some areas of Hubei Province,and the degradation area first increased and then decreased.From 2000 to 2005,the areas of the vegetation restoration and improvement in Hubei Province were mainly concentrated in its northwest and southwest,and the areas of vegetation degradation were distributed around Wuhan,Xiangyang,Xiantao and Huangshi;from 2005 to 2010,the overall vegetation coverage of Hubei Province was relatively poor,and the degraded areas were distributed around the cities in the northwest and southeast,especially in Shiyan and Wuhan were more obvious.From 2010 to 2015,the vegetation degradation areas in Hubei province kept to decrease,distributed in the East and northwest;From 2015 to 2020,the vegetation shows a downward trend;(3)The vegetation coverage in the northeast,southwest and Xiangyang of Hubei Province is positively correlated with local temperature and precipitation.With the increase of altitude,the proportion of the positive and negative correlation between temperature,precipitation,wind speed and vegetation coverage gradually decreased;(4)human factors have a positive impact on the ecological environment of Hubei Province,and promote the restoration of local vegetation;They caused negative impact to the surrounding cities of Wuhan,Xiangyang,Jingzhou and other regions mainly.