生态认知对长江流域渔民退捕意愿的影响研究——基于鄱阳湖区的调研数据

Impact of Ecological Cognition on Fishermen’s Willingness to Quit Fishery in the Yangtze River Basin:An Empirical Study in the Poyang Lake Area

流域禁捕是贯彻落实长江经济带发展战略和"共抓大保护、不搞大开发"的重要举措。渔民作为禁捕政策的最终执行者和落实者,其参与的积极性和主动性是政策顺利实施和推进的重要保障。基于计划行为理论,利用鄱阳湖区实地调查数据和结构方程模型,探讨了生态认知对渔民退捕意愿的影响及作用机理。研究发现:(1)生态认知对渔民退捕意愿有显著正向影响,即渔民生态认知水平越高,其参与禁捕政策的意愿越强;(2)生态认知的主观规范、行为态度、感知行为控制3个维度均对渔民退捕意愿具有显著正向影响,且3个维度两两之间也存在显著正向影响。其中,主观规范对渔民退捕意愿的影响最为显著;(3)主观规范中指令性规范对渔民参与禁捕的带动作用大于示范性规范;行为态度受渔民对政府禁捕政策的心理预期、生态修复保护与经济发展的重要性对比认知的影响较大;感知行为控制主要受到禁捕政策对家庭生产生活的影响程度及渔民参与禁捕政策能力的影响。为此,应建立有效的监督管理体系,提高指令性规范对渔民退捕的带动和引导作用,提高渔民对长江流域生态保护重要性的认知,营造浓厚的流域生态保护及积极参与禁捕的社会氛围,同时,制定适宜的转产转业政策,且将相关政策、补偿等严格落实到每位参与退捕的渔民,增强渔民对政府的信任程度,进而提高渔民退捕意愿。

Fishery regulation is an important instrument to carry out the development strategy of the Yangtze River Economic Belt i.e.“To Prioritize joint protection and to avoid grand exploitation”.It is helpful for better policy making and implementation of fishery regulation such as restriction and prohibition to understand the impact of ecological cognition of fishermen on their willingness to quit fishery or accept compensation.Based on the field survey data and using the theory of planned behavior and structural equation model,this paper discusses the effect of ecological cognition on fishermen’s willingness to participate in the fishery limitation program.The study results show that:(1)ecological cognition has a significant positive effect on fishermen’s willingness to participate in the fishery phasing out program.(2)all the three dimensions of ecological cognition,including subjective norms,behavioral attitudes and perceived behavioral control,have significant positive effects on fishermen’s willingness,and there are also significant positive effects between each two of the three dimensions.Among them,subjective norms have the most significant influence on fishermen’s willingness.(3)the mandatory norms in the subjective norms have a greater driving effect on fishermen’s participation in the program than the model norms.The behavior attitude is greatly influenced by the fishermen’s psychological expectation of the government’s no-fishing policy and by the relative recognition of the importance of ecological restoration and protection versus economic development.Perceived behavior control is mainly affected by the impact of the policy on household production and livelihood,and the ability of fishermen to participate in the policy.The policy implication of this study is that it is imperative to establish effective supervision and management system,to employ more mandatory norms in persuading fishermen to participate the program,and to improve fishermen’s cognition of the importance of ecological protection in the Yangtze River Basin.It is also important to nourish the culture and awareness of ecological protection in the river basin to encourage them to actively participate in activities.At the same time,it will be helpful to formulate the alternative livelihood policies and carry out these policies to each of the households affected with sufficient compensation and transparency,which will translate into fishermen’s trust and confidence in the government and finally raise their willingness to participate the government program in fishery regulation.