慢性肾脏病高危人群筛查结果分析

Screening results of high-risk population of chronic kidney disease

目的分析慢性肾脏病高危人群中慢性肾脏病发生情况,为提高慢性肾脏病防治水平提供借鉴资料。方法以成都市某三甲医院通过各种途径公开招募的慢性肾脏病高危人群为研究对象进行基本信息收集、血生化指标及肾功能指标检测,采用描述流行病学方法对慢性肾脏病发生情况进行分析,并采用单、多因素分析方法对慢性肾脏病检出影响因素进行分析。结果纳入7384例慢性肾脏病高危人群,男性3910例,女性3474例。年龄29~74岁,以60~74岁为主,占42.5%。其中高血压2872例,高尿酸血症1760例,糖尿病1929例,慢性肾炎家族史1035例,遗传性肾脏病家族史627例;高危因素1种者3190例,2种2836例,≥3种1358例。慢性肾脏病确诊796例,检出率为10.8%。疾病分期以G2期为主,占52.5%;危险分层以低危为主,占51.1%。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,女性(OR=1.441)、年龄越大(OR=1.244)、高血压(OR=2.375)、高尿酸血症(OR=2.617)、糖尿病(OR=1.818)、慢性肾炎家族史(OR=3.476)、高危因素2种(OR=1.442)和≥3种(OR=1.514)的慢性肾脏病高危人群检出慢性肾脏病的风险较高。结论慢性肾脏病高危人群慢性肾脏病检出率较高,慢性肾脏病分期以G2期、低危为主,对于女性、高龄、高血压、同时具有多种高危因素的慢性肾脏病高危人群应重点筛查,对慢性肾脏病应早预防、早发现、早治疗,减少疾病给健康带来的危害。

Objective To analyze the incidence of chronic kidney disease(CKD)in population at high risk of CKD,so as to provide reference data for improving the prevention and control of CKD.Methods The high-risk population of CKD publicly recruited by a third-class hospital in Chengdu from April to September 2019 was taken as the research object,basic information collection,blood biochemical index and renal function index examination were carried out.The occurrence of CKD was analyzed by descriptive epidemiological analysis method,and its influencing factors were analyzed by univariate and multivariate analysis.Results A total of 7384 high-risk population of CKD were included,including 3910 males and 3474 females,aged 29-74 years,mainly 60-74 years old,accounting for 42.5%.Among them,there were 2872 cases of hypertension,1760 cases of hyperuricemia,1929 cases of diabetes mellitus,1035 cases of family history of chronic nephritis,and 627 cases of family history of hereditary renal disease.There were 3190 cases with one kind of high-risk factors,2836 cases with two kinds,and 1358 cases with three or more kinds.A total of 796 cases of CKD were diagnosed,and the detection rate was 10.8%.The main disease stage was G2,accounting for 52.5%,and the risk stratification was mainly low-risk,accounting for 51.1%.Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the risk of CKD was higher among high-risk population of CKD who were women(OR=1.441),older age(OR=1.244),with hypertension(OR=2.375),hyperuricemia(OR=2.617),diabetes mellitus(OR=1.818),a family history of chronic nephritis(OR=3.476),and two kinds(OR=1.442)or three or more kinds of high-risk factors(OR=1.514).Conclusion The detection rate of CKD in high-risk population of CKD is relatively high.The staging of CKD is mainly G2 stage and low-risk.For high-risk population of CKD who are women,advanced age,hypertension,and with multiple risk factors should focus on screening.Early prevention,detection and treatment of CKD can reduce the harm of disease to patients.