典型航空器结构抗冰雹、仿真鸟弹冲击特性及其对比研究

Anti-impact characteristics and contrastive study of typical aircraft structures against hail and simulated bird projectile

为研究典型航空水平安定面和机翼前缘结构抗冰雹和仿真鸟弹冲击特性,通过D80空气炮系统开展相关试验,研究弹体速度和结构类型对抗冰雹、仿真鸟弹冲击特性的影响,并基于经验证的有限元模型,开展机翼前缘结构抗等动能冰雹、仿真鸟弹冲击对比研究。结果表明:随着弹动能的增加,撞击凹坑深度及塑性变形区域越大,且远远大于弹的直径;撞击后不同规格机翼前缘结构变形趋势一致,但前缘曲率越大,凹坑深度及塑性变形区域越大;在等动能弹冲击下,仿真鸟弹和冰雹在典型航空器结构上形成的凹坑形式及撞击力-时间曲线趋势是一致的,但仿真鸟弹撞击凹坑尺寸及撞击力载荷峰值更大。因此,同等条件下仿真鸟弹的威胁性更大,结构设计中需作为主要考虑因素。

Here,to study anti-impact characteristics of typical aircraft horizontal stabilizer and wing leading edge structure against hail and simulated bird projectile,relevant tests were conducted with D80 air gun system to study effects of projectile velocity and structure type on anti-impact characteristics of the two structures against hail and simulated bird projectile.Based on the verified finite element model,contrastive study on anti-impact features of wind leading edge structure against hail and simulated bird projectile with equal kinetic energy was performed.The results showed that with increase in kinetic energy of hail and projectile,depth of impact crater and plastic deformation zone become larger,and they are much larger than diameters of hail and projectile;deformation trends of wing leading edge structures with different sizes are the same after impact,but the larger the curvature of leading edge,the larger the crater depth and plastic deformation zone;under impact of hail and projectile with equal kinetic energy,crater shapes and impact force-time curve trends formed due to hail and projectile impacting,respectively are consistent,but crater size and impact force load peak value due to impact of simulated bird projectile are larger;under the same conditions,threat of simulated bird projectile is larger,and it should be the main factor to be considered in structural design.