‘乐都紫皮大蒜’多倍体的诱导与鉴定

Induction and Identification of Polyploid in'Ledu Purple Garlic'

‘乐都紫皮大蒜’因其风味独特并具有高含量的碳水化合物,市场价值和开发利用前景广阔。利用多倍体诱导技术,可促进优良大蒜种质的创制。本研究通过秋水仙素浸泡‘乐都紫皮大蒜’的愈伤组织进行四倍体诱导,并利用流式细胞仪及农艺性状测定等方法进行鉴定。结果表明:在含有0.5 mg/L 6-BA+1.5 mg/L 2,4-D的B5培养基上培养大蒜愈伤组织的诱导率最高,愈伤组织长势最佳。以0.2%的秋水仙素浸渍4 h,愈伤组织的四倍体细胞诱导率最高,达39.42%。在此条件下,处理愈伤组织后诱导再生试管苗,愈伤组织存活率为54.44%,多倍体再生植株的诱导率为28.89%。与二倍体植株相比,四倍体试管苗的株高、叶长、叶宽、假茎长显著增加了183.44%、181.18%、133.33%和58.33%。本研究为培育大蒜新种质提供了技术方法与科学依据。

Because of its unique flavor and high carbohydrate content,'Ledu Purple Garlic'has a broad market value and development prospect.The polyploid induction technique can promote the creation of good garlic germplasm.In this study,tetraploid induction was conducted by soaking colchicine in callus of'Ledu Purple Garlic',and identified by flow cytometry and agronomic traits determination.The results showed that the highest induction rate and the best growth of callus was obtained under in the B5 medium with 0.5 mg/L 6-BA+1.5 mg/L 2,4-D.When the callus was impregnated with 0.2%colchicine for 4 h,the tetraploid induction rate was the highest,reaching 39.42%.The survival rate of callus was 54.44%,and the induction rate of polyploid regenerated plantlets was 28.89%.Compared with diploid plantlets,plant height,leaf length,leaf width and pseudostem length of tetraploid plantlets in vitro were significantly increased by 183.44%,181.18%,133.33%and 58.33%.This study provided technical method and scientific basis for cultivating new garlic germplasm.