金属-有机框架材料在太阳能电池中的应用与挑战

Application and Challenges of Solar Cells Using Metal Organic Framework Materials

化石能源枯竭、温室效应以及环境恶化是人类生存发展面临的巨大挑战,发展可再生能源对当代社会至关重要。第三代太阳能电池包括染料敏化太阳能电池、钙钛矿太阳能电池、有机聚合物太阳能电池等具有转化效率高、加工成本低、环境友好等特点,吸引了科研工作者的广泛关注。提高太阳能器件的效率和稳定性,对推动其工业化进程具有重要意义。金属-有机框架材料(metal organic framework materials,MOFs)是由金属团簇和有机单体有序排列形成的一类新型化合物,在气体储存和分离领域得到了广泛研究。近年来,MOFs因其高结晶性、高比表面积和多孔性等特点成为光伏技术领域的研究热点,用以提高器件的光电转化效率和长期稳定性。主要总结了近年来MOFs及衍生材料在染料敏化太阳能电池、钙钛矿太阳能电池、有机聚合物太阳能电池中的应用和突破性进展,并展望MOFs在光伏技术领域的应用前景。

The development of renewable energy is vital to modern life due to the challenges from the depletion of fossil energy,the greenhouse effect and the deterioration of the environment.The third generation of solar cells including dye-sensitized solar cells,perovskite solar cells and organic polymer solar cells,are characterized by high conversion efficiency,low processing cost and environmental friendliness,they have attracted tremendous scientific and industrial attention in the past two decades.It is greatly significative to improve the efficiency and stability of solar energy devices for promoting their industrialization.Metal organic framework materials(MOFs)is a new kind of compound arranged with metal clusters and organic monomers,which is widely studied in the field of gas storage and separation.In recent years,MOFs is also used in photovoltaic technology to improve the incident photon-to-electron conversion efficiency and stability of device due to its high crystallinity,huge specific surface area and porosity.The review focuses on the summary of the applications and breakthroughs of MOFs and their derivatives in dye-sensitized solar cells,perovskite solar cells and organic polymer solar cells in recent years,aiming to provide references for the prospect of photovoltaic technology in the future.