双功能模板法合成多级孔沸石分子筛的研究进展

Research progress on synthesis of hierarchical porous zeolites by using bifunctional templates

简要介绍了广泛应用于石油化工和工业催化中的沸石分子筛的特点以及多级孔沸石分子筛的基本合成策略,包括“自上而下”和“自下而上”两类合成策略;重点介绍了近年来发展出来的新型双功能模板法合成策略,包括如何利用季铵基团表面活性剂双功能模板,特别是利用聚合物双功能模板来直接合成不同拓扑结构的多级孔沸石分子筛的最新研究进展,以及两类双功能模板合成多级孔沸石的特点和优点。最后,对多级孔沸石分子筛在合成条件优化、模板剂选择、合成机理探究等方面所面临的挑战和在工业催化实际条件下的稳定性应用前景进行了展望。

The characteristics of zeolites which were widely used in petrochemical industry and industrial catalysis and the synthesis strategies of hierarchical zeolites were briefly introduced,including the“top-down”strategy and the“bottom-up”strategy.The new synthesis strategies of bifunctional templates developed in recent years were mainly introduced,including on how to directly synthesize multistage porous zeolite molecular sieves with different topological structures by using quaternary ammonium surfactant bifunctional templates,especially the latest research progress in polymer bifunctional templates,and the characteristics and advantages of two kinds of bifunctional templates for the synthesis of hierarchical zeolites.Finally,the challenges of optimization of synthesis conditions,selection of templates and exploration of synthesis mechanism,and application prospects of stability under the actual reaction conditions for hierarchical zeolites were prospected.