摘要
为了解天然林的群落特征及其相关性,提升天然林的管理及生态防护功能,以大兴安岭扎兰屯天然落叶松(Larix gmelinii)纯林、白桦(Betula platyphylla)次生林、白桦-落叶松混交林为研究对象,分别对乔木层、灌木层和草本层的高度、胸径、冠幅、盖度等指标进行调查,分析群落结构特征,计算物种丰富度指数、多样性指数和均匀度指数,并进行主成分分析(PCA)。结果显示,(1)3个群落中落叶松林的乔木层树高、胸径和灌木层的地径、盖度均最高,草本层特征差异不显著(P>0.05)。(2)落叶松林、白桦-落叶松林中平榛(Corylus heterophylla)和土庄绣线菊(Spiraea pubescens)的重要值均明显高于其他灌木树种;白桦林灌木层只有兴安柳(Salix hsinganica);3种林分草本层均以兴安苔草(Carex chinganensis)为优势种。(3)乔木层、灌木层的丰富度指数、Simpson指数和Shannon-Wiener指数均表现出:白桦-落叶松林>落叶松林>白桦次生林;草本层以落叶松林最为丰富,其Simpson指数、Shannon-Wiener指数均以白桦林为最大;乔木层、灌木层、草本层的Pielou指数均以白桦-落叶松林为最大。(4)PCA排序结果显示,随着林分郁闭度、乔木树高、胸径及灌木盖度、高度、基径的增大,灌木层植物的多样性指数和均匀度增加明显,草本层多样性降低;草本高度越高、盖度越大,草本层多样性指数、均匀度越高。研究表明:乔木层郁闭度、灌木层生长特征(盖度、高度和基径)是影响物种多样性的主因,林分群落特征与植物多样性存在相关性。
The purpose of this paper is to improve management and ecological services of natural forests by exploring the community characteristics and their correlation relationship.In this study,the diameter breast height(DBH),diameter ground height(DGH),canopy diameter(CD),fraction cover(FC)of trees,shrub and herb were investigated for three typical communities i.e.pure larch forest(Larix gmelinii),birch secondary forest(Betula platyphylla),mixed larch-birch forest,located in Zhalantun in Daxinganling Mountains.The community characteristics including richness index,diversity index and evenness index were calculated and analyzed by PCA method.The results showed that(1)height and DBH of tree,DBG and FC of shrub layer in pure larch forest were largest.The herb characteristics of among three natural forests were not significantly different(P>0.05).(2)Corylus heterophylla and Spiraea pubescens were more important than the other shrub species in pure larch forest and mixed larch-birch forest.There was only one shrub species i.e.Salix hsinganica in birch secondary forest.Carex chinganensis was the dominant species among three natural forest.(3)The richness index,Simpson index and Shannon-Wiener index of tree and shrub were:mixed larch-birch forest>larch forest>birch secondary forest.The richness index of herb was largest for larch forest,while Simpson index and Shannon-Wiener index of herb were largest for birch secondary forest.Meantime,the Pielou index of tree,shrub and herb was the largest for mixed larch-birch forest.(4)PCA result showed that the diversity index and evenness of shrub increased and the herb diversity decreased when the canopy closure,height,DBH of trees and FC,height and DGH of shrub increased.We conclude that tree canopy density and shrub coverage,height and DGH are the main affecting factors of plant diversity.There is the correlation relationship between community characteristics and plant diversity.
作者
赵丽
郭春燕
张文军
王晓江
刘平生
ZHAO Li;GUO Chunyan;ZHANG Wenjun;WANG Xiaojiang;LIU Pingsheng(Inner Mongolia Academy of Forestry,Hohhot 010010,China;Key laboratory of conservation and cultivation in desert biological resources,State forestry bureau,Hohhot 010010,China;Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Meteorological Service Center,Inner Mongolia,Hohhot 010051,China)
出处
《生态环境学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2021年第7期1353-1359,共7页
Ecology and Environmental Sciences
基金
内蒙古退耕还林工程生态效益监测项目,十三五国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC0500904)。
关键词
天然林
群落结构特征
植物多样性
耦合关系
PCA分析
natural forest
community characteristics
plant diversity
coupling relationship
principal component analysis