试论中西实践理性之达诂与通义

On the Interpretation and General Meaning of Chinese and Western Practical Reason

孔子“从心所欲不逾矩”、康德“道德律令”,均是中西先贤各自对自由的最当揭陈,中国哲学中的自由本来义归于道德、关键在践履,所谓“知行合一”,是实践之学、德性之学,不涉“纯粹理性”“真假之知”,斯乃中西道学之根本分际,却在康德和孔子各自学问最高处的实践理性领域妙合无垠:悠游于德性之自然,逍遥乎中道之自由。

This paper discusses the concept of common practice rationality between China and the West.We can neither clearly reveal the connotation,boundary or evolution of freedom from the perspective of word archaeology,nor confirm the absolute connotation of freedom in the history of philosophy.By comparing the theories of Confucius and Kant,freedom without historical conditions,or individual freedom,lies in self selection and responsibility.The ultimate goal of commandments is not to besiege life,but to balance desire and commandment,emotion and reason,nature and ideal.In a word,freedom in Chinese philosophy originally belongs to the study of practice and virtue,which is perfectly compatible with Kant's philosophy.