论“大数据追踪系统”应用的合法性及其法律规制

Legitimacy and Regulation of the Application of Big Data Tracking System

“大数据追踪系统”在我国新冠肺炎疫情的精准防控过程中发挥了重要的作用。“大数据追踪系统”应用既有相应的法律依据,也具有价值正当性。《传染病防治法》等法律法规赋予了政府相关部门信息收集与公开等职权,而《民法典》等则对公民的个人信息权或隐私权边界施加了限制。疫情防控期间限制公民个人信息权或隐私权,优先保障公众的知情权,反映了公共利益优先原则。然而,“大数据追踪系统”在应用过程中也存在一定的风险,在后疫情时期应当依据《网络安全法》等建立规范的应用程序并完善相应的问责机制等,规范该系统的应用,对公民个人信息权或隐私权同社会公众知情权进行再平衡。

Big data tracking system has played an important role in the precise prevention and control of COVID-19 epidemic in China.The application of"big data tracking system"has been justified by its legitimacy as well as its significance.The Law on the Prevention and Treatment of Infectious Diseases and other laws and regulations empower relevant government departments to collect information and make it public from the administrative dimension,and the Civil Code imposes restrictions on citizens′personal information and privacy.During the pandemic prevention and control,citizens′rights of personal information and privacy are restricted and the public right to stay informed is prioritized,which reflects the principle of public interest priority.However,there are some legal risks in the application of the"Big data tracking system".In the post-pandemic era,the application of the system should be regulated by establishing standardized application procedures and improving accountability mechanisms to rebalance citizens′right to personal information or privacy against the public′s right to know.