施肥对蒙古栎幼林生长及养分含量的影响

Effect of Fertilization on Growth and Nutrient Content of Q.mongolica

蒙古栎为国家珍贵用材树种,有着极高的应用价值和经济价值。为探究不同肥料、不同施肥量对蒙古栎幼林造林效果的影响,以2年生蒙古栎为研究对象,选用4种农用复合肥(A为洋丰复合肥,有效成分为:含25%N、10%P、16%K;B为鄂中复合肥料,有效成分为:含12%N、18%P、15%K;C为东北丰复合肥料,有效成分为:含13%N、10%P、20%K;D为硝基复合肥,有效成分为含16%N、16%P、16%K),分别设置3个施肥量梯度(1,3,5g·株^(-1)),以不施肥(CK)为对照进行试验。试验结果表明:肥料种类和施肥量二者对蒙古栎幼林形态指标影响存在交互效应。仅B肥(鄂中复合肥料)对蒙古栎幼林两年的树高、地径增长量均影响显著(p<0.05),树高增长量(2018年和2019年数据)最大值均在B3处理(5g·株^(-1));总生物量最大值在B2处理,其次为B3处理。肥料种类和施肥量二者对蒙古栎幼林养分浓度影响存在交互效应。在B肥处理下,根和茎中N浓度最大值分别出现于B2和B3处理中,根和茎的K浓度最大值均B3处理,且显著高于对照。综合考虑形态和养分指标得出结论,B2和B3处理对2年生蒙古栎幼林生长的促进效果最好,即在1m×1m的密度对2年生蒙古栎幼林施肥量最佳为43.2~72kg·hm^(-2)。

Q.mongolica is a national precious timber tree species,which has high application and economic value.In this study,2-year-old Q.mongolica was selected as the research object,and four kinds of agricultural were selected(A is Yangfeng compound fer⁃tilizer,the active ingredients are:containing 25%N,10%P and 16%K;B is Ezhong compound fertilizer,the effective ingredients are:containing 12%N,18%P and 15%K;C is Dongbei Feng compound fertilizer,the active ingredients are:containing 13%N,10%P and 20%K;D is Nitro compound fertilizer,the active ingredients are:containing 16%N,16%P and 16%K).Three fertilization gradients were set up:1g·plant^(-1),3g·plant^(-1) and 5g·plant^(-1),no fertilization(CK)was used as control.In order to explore the effect of different fertilizer and fertilizer amount on the afforestation effect of Q.mongolica young forest,provide reference for the establishment of Q.mongolica fast-growing and high-yield forest.The results show that:There was an interactive effect between the types of fertilizer and the amount of fertilizer on the morphological indexes of Q.mongolica young forest.Only B fertilizer(compound fertilizer in central Hu⁃bei)had significant effect on the growth of tree height and ground diameter of Q.mongolica young forest in two years(p<0.05).The maximum growth of tree height(data in 2018 and 2019)was in B3 treatment(5g·plant^(-1)),the maximum of total biomass was in B2 treatment,followed by B3 treatment.There was an interactive effect between the type of fertilizer and the amount of fertilizer on nutri⁃ent concentration of Q.mongolica young forest.Under the treatment of B fertilizer,the maximum N concentration in root and stem was in B2 or B3 treatment,and the maximum K concentration in root and stem of B3 treatment was significantly higher than that of the control. Conclusion: Considering the morphological and nutrient indexes comprehensively, B2 and B3 treatments had the best promot⁃ ing effect on the growth of 2-year-old Q. mongoliana young forest, that is, the best fertilization amount of 2-year-old Q.mongolica young forest at the density of 1m×1m is 43.2-72kg·hm^(-2).