魏晋六朝时期“神”之审美新义

The New Aesthetic Meaning of“Shen”in Wei,Jin and Six Dynasties

基于魏晋六朝时期社会环境和精神世界的动荡和改变,宗教信仰和思想对以“神”为重要范畴的审美观念产生了重要的影响:在玄学思想的影响下,产生了以重“神”为核心的人物品藻和艺术品评系统;在佛道思想的影响下,形成了以“形神关系”为主线的审美理论;在民间信仰的背景下,产生了以《搜神记》为代表的神怪小说和文人神话。从这几个方面看,“神”这一概念中的审美自觉性、超越性、个体性、民间性、世俗化等特点日益显著,也进一步影响了魏晋六朝时期社会的审美心理和艺术实践。

Based on the turbulence and changes in the social environment and spiritual world during the Wei,Jin and Six Dynasties,religious beliefs and thoughts had an important impact on the aesthetic concept of“Shen”as an important category:under the influence of metaphysical thoughts,they had“Shen”as the core of the human and art evaluation system.Under the influence of Buddhism and Taoism,an aesthetic theory based on“the relationship between form and spirit”was formed.In the context of folk beliefs,novels of gods and monsters and literati myths,such as Sou Shen Ji,came into being.From these aspects,the aesthetic consciousness,transcendence,individuality,folkness,secularization and other characteristics of the concept of“Shen”had become increasingly prominent,which further influenced the social aesthetic psychology and artistic practice during Wei,Jin and Six Dynasties.