都城的延伸与分隔:齐梁诗赋中的京郊别业

Extension and Separation of the Capital: Suburban Villas in Qi-Liang Poetry

在南朝时期,建康郊区的别业逐渐增多。这些别业的主人多为高官贵戚,因此有权力和财力在京郊立宅。每逢暇日,他们常在此游宴玩赏,将城中喧嚣的气息也带到郊野。然而,在园宅拥有者的笔下,这些与在都城中拥有的权力紧密相关的别业,反而成为了隔绝都市喧嚣的屏障。他们在诗文写作中,往往会将别业作为山林的替代。现实与文本之间的对立,其实在一定程度上反映了南朝文士在朝廷与山林之间的徘徊。为了调和这种矛盾,不少文士将"朝隐"作为自己的生活方式与人生态度,希望通过加强"心"的统摄作用,将"心"和外在环境分隔开来,以摆脱外在束缚,超脱俗世。

In Southern Dynasties, there was an increasing number of villas in the suburbs in Jiankang. The villa owners were mostly senior ministers and emperors’ relatives, so they had enough power and money to build villas in the suburbs. In days of leisure, there they made tours and held feasts to enjoy themselves, bringing the hustle of the city to the suburbs. However, in the writings of these owners, the villas that were closely relevant to their power in the capital, on the contrary, became the barriers to block the bustle of the city. In their poems, they often used villas as a substitute for mountains and forests. The conflicts between reality and literature, actually, reflected the wandering of the scholars in Southern Dynasties between the imperial court and the mountains and forests in some degree. In order to balance these conflicts, lots of scholars took living as a recluse as their lifestyle and altitude towards life, hoping to separate the "heart" from the influence of the outside environment, to get rid of the external restrictions and transcend worldliness through enhancing the commanding power of the "heart".