酶联免疫法筛查HIV抗体应用于艾滋病诊断的价值研究

Study on the value of enzyme-linked immunoadsorbent assay for Hantibody screen in the diagnosis of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

目的研究酶联免疫法筛查人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)抗体诊断艾滋病的临床价值,为艾滋病临床诊断提供理论参考。方法205例临床怀疑HIV感染的高危患者,分别进行金标法、酶联免疫法筛查HIV抗体。分析比较酶联免疫法、金标法HIV抗体检测的初筛阳性率、假阳性率。结果金标法HIV抗体检测初筛阳性率19.02%高于酶联免疫法的11.22%,差异具有统计学意义(χ^(2)=4.865,P<0.05)。通过艾滋病确诊实验室诊断,最终确诊病例22例,酶联免疫法HIV抗体检测假阳性4.35%低于金标法的43.59%,差异具有统计学意义(χ^(2)=10.813,P<0.05)。结论对于艾滋病HIV抗体筛查来说,酶联免疫法具有更为理想的诊断价值,能够有效避免金标法假阳性率过高的问题,可以作为HIV抗体初筛诊断方案。

Objective To study the clinical effect of enzyme-linked immunoadsorbent assay for human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)antibody screen in the diagnosis of AIDS,so as to provide reference for clinical diagnosis of acquired immune deficiency syndrome diagnosis.Methods 205 high-risk patients with clinically suspected HIV infection were screened for HIV antibodies by gold-labeled method and enzyme-linked immunoadsorbent assay.The initial screening positive rate and false positive rate of Hantibody test by enzymelinked immunoassay and gold-labeled method were analyzed and compared.Results The initial screening positive rate of HIV antibody test by gold-labeled method was 19.02%,which was higher than 11.22%by enzymelinked immunosorbent assay,and the difference was statistically significant(χ^(2)=4.865,P<0.05).The final results was confirmed by the laboratory diagnosis of acquired immunodeficiency,22 cases were finally diagnosed,and the false positive rate of HIV antibody test by enzyme-linked immunoadsorbent assay was 4.35%,which was lower than 43.59%by gold-labeled method,and the differences were statistically significant(χ^(2)=10.813,P<0.05).Conclusion Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay has more ideal diagnostic value for HIV antibody screening.It can effectively avoid the problem of high false positive rate of gold-labeled method,and can be used as a diagnostic program for primary Hantibody screening.