网络犯罪国际立法的模式之争与中国方案

The Model Controversy of International Legislation on Cybercrime and China's Plan

源于主权维护和有效协作的冲突,网络犯罪国际立法形成了区域模式与国际模式的差别,分别体现于《欧洲委员会网络犯罪公约》与《联合国打击网络犯罪合作公约(草案)》之中。区域模式与国际模式的核心分歧在于刑事程序条款适用范围的大小,刑事协助渠道是否特定,以及是否许可直接跨境访问数据。区域模式基于欧洲地区国家的现实状况展开,有其独特的前提基础和立法实践、法律协同实践,但在国际推广上面临障碍。国际模式是联合国框架下网络犯罪国际立法的应然选择,中国应根据自身的立场、实践经验提出科学的主张和方案。

Originating from the conflict between sovereignty protection and effective coordination,the regional and the international model of international legislation on cybercrime has been formed,which is reflected in the Convention on Cybercrime of Council of Europe and the Draft of United Nations Convention on Cooperation in Combating Cybercrime respectively.The core differences between the regional model and the international model lie in the scope of application of the criminal procedure provisions,whether the criminal assistance channels are specific,and whether direct cross-border access to data is permitted.The regional model is developed based on the actual conditions of countries in Europe.It has its unique prerequisite foundation,legislative practice,and legal coordinated practice,but it faces obstacles in international promotion.The international model of international legislation on cybercrime under the framework of the United Nations is the right choice,and China should put forward scientific propositions and plans based on its own position and practical experience.