略论拉萨慈觉林寺院的建寺缘由

A Study on the Reasons for the Establishment of Tshe Mhog Gling Monastery

丹杰林、功德林、策墨林和慈觉林是拉萨“四大林”。它们是拉萨市内地位仅次于色拉寺、甘丹寺、哲蚌寺的格鲁派寺院。在西藏政教合一社会政治体制下,“四大林”的呼图克图们不仅在宗教上拥有极高地位,且有参与并出任“摄政”职务的权利。然而,在“四大林”中是否包含慈觉林寺院,目前学界存在较大争议,对其建寺的具体时间亦有着不同的观点。本文在查阅相关藏汉文资料和实地考察的基础上,对慈觉林的地位及建寺时间进行了初步探究,得出“慈觉林”位列拉萨“四大林”之中,并由八世达赖喇嘛强白嘉措于1790年1月5日为经师噶钦•益西坚赞建寺的结论。

The Four Temples in Lhasa are Bstan Rgyas Gling,Kun Bde Gling,Tshe Smon Gling and Tshe Mchog Gling.These temples are the four Gelug temples in Lhasa,which are second only to Sera,Gandan and Drepung monasteries.Under the social and political system of the integration of politics and religion in Tibet,the Hutuktu of the“Four Temples”not only had a very high position in religion,but also had the right to participate and take up the post of“regent”.However,there is a big controversy over whether or not Tshe Mchog Gling is one of the“Four Temples”.In addition,there are different views on the exact time of the establishment of this monastery.Therefore,on the basis of referring to the relevant Tibetan and Chinese material and fieldwork investigation data,this paper makes a preliminary study on the establishment time of Tshe Mchog Gling Monastery,and states that it is one of the Four Temples in Lhasa,and was given by the Eighth Dalai Lama Jampal Gyatsho to his master Ye Shes Rgyal Mtshan on January 5 in 1790.