我国乡村教师补充政策变迁:历程、特征与展望

Changes in the Supplementary Policy for Rural Teachers in China:History,Characteristics and Prospects

乡村教师补充政策是乡村教师队伍建设政策的重要内容。通过对建国以来乡村教师补充政策的梳理,总结出我国乡村教师补充政策的四个阶段。就地取材、能者为师(1949-1977年):乡村教师来源本地化;本土培养、定向补充(1978-1991年):乡村教师来源“师范化”“去民办化”;双向选择、自主择业(1992-2005年):乡村教师来源“资格化”“去农村化”;底部攻坚、专项治理(2006年至今):乡村教师来源“多样化”“专业化”。从教师补充的保障主体、补充对象的资质要求、补充渠道、补充的价值取向等角度分析了我国乡村教师补充政策演变的基本特征,展望未来的发展趋势。

The supplementary policy of rural teachers is an important part of the policy of rural teacher team construction.By combing the supplementary policy for rural teachers since the founding of the People’s Republic of China,this paper summarizes four stages of supplementary policy for rural teachers in China:using local materials and turning those who are competent into teachers(1949-1976);Local training and targeted supplement(1977-1991):“normalization”and“de-privatization”of rural teachers;Two-way selection and independent career selection(1992-2005):“Qualification”and“de-ruralization”of rural teachers;Bottom attack,special management(2006 to date):the source of rural teachers is“diversified”,“professional”.This paper analyzes the basic characteristics of the evolution of rural teacher supplement policy in China from the perspectives of the guarantee subject of teacher supplement,the qualification requirement of the supplement object,the supplement channel and the value orientation,and looks forward to the development trend in the future.