行政犯中前置行政程序的地位重申与司法界定

Position Reaffirmation and Judicial Definition of the Pre-administrative Procedure in Administrative Crime

行政犯双重违法性的特点导致了刑事司法实践只判断行为人的行政不法与刑事不法,而忽视了行政机关实施的前置行政程序对罪刑规范适用的影响。传统的行政犯分类既不能突出行政犯的行政属性,又无法体现出行政前置程序作为行政犯构成要件要素这一特别地位,因此应从前置行政规范的本质出发,将行政犯分为前置不法型行政犯与前置程序型行政犯。在前置程序型行政犯中,前置行政程序的认定应介于行政不法与刑事不法之间,成为行政犯违法性判断的独立步骤与环节。瑕疵前置行政程序出罪功能的实现依赖于行政行为合法要件的缺失。在刑法规范保护目的的考量下,可例外地否认轻微程序违法的前置行政程序的出罪功能。

The double illegality of administrative crime leads to the fact that the criminal judicial practice only judges the administrative illegal and criminal illegal of the doer,while neglecting the influence of the pre-administrative procedure implemented by the administrative organ on the application of the norms of crime and punishment.The traditional classification of administrative crime can neither highlight the administrative attribute of administrative crime,nor reflect the special status of administrative pre-procedure as the element of administrative crime constitution.Therefore,we should start from the nature of pre-administrative norms and divide administrative crime into pre-illegal administrative crime and pre-procedure administrative crime.In the administrative crime of pre-procedural type,the identification of pre-procedural administrative procedure should be between administrative illegal and criminal illegal,and become an independent step and link in the judgment of the illegality of administrative crime.The realization of the function of exculpating crimes in administrative procedures before defects depends on the absence of legal elements of administrative acts.Under the consideration of the protection purpose of criminal law norm,the pre-administrative procedure of denying minor procedural violation can be an exception to the crime function.