从引述到负面立场表达

From Quotation to Negative Stance-taking

汉语中负面立场表达与引述的关联性远不限于以往已经讨论的现象。引述表达形式与负面立场表达之间存在着规约化程度的差异,表现为:有些表达形式含有言说动词,另有一些不含有言说动词。引述表达负面解读具有高度的语境依赖,作为应答语出现,有诠释性回声话语和重述性回声话语两类。其引述内容可见于言内语境,即对他人话语的应答性引述,以及言外语境,即对彼此共享知识的引述。语境中,只有他引才会诱发负面立场解读。作为应答语,以问答问是解读为反问句的重要会话条件。

The correlation between negative stance-taking and quotation is far beyond what has been discussed in previous research.The quotation expressions differ from negative stance-taking expressions at their level of conventionalization,in that some expressions contain speech verbs,while some do not.The negative-evaluated interpretation of these expressions is highly context-dependent.They occur as responses,including annotative echo response and reformulative echo response.What are quoted in these expressions can be either the prior utterance from others in the intra-linguistic context,or the shared knowledge in the extra-linguistic context.In contexts,only other-quotation can provoke negative-evaluated interpretation.Serving as responses and responding to questions in form of interrogative are important conditions for the interpretation as rhetorical questions.