恩格斯视野中人的生存方式探析

The Theory of Human Existence Mode from the Perspective of Engels

对人的生存方式的考察与反思是恩格斯思想理论中的重要课题。在恩格斯思想理论中,人类诞生以及人类社会生发的动力是劳动,两种生产构成了人类社会存续和发展的基石。它把人类社会带入文明时代,并引发人的生存方式的改变。迈入资本主义时代,人类社会发展取得了相较以往时代前所未有的成就,也直接或间接地使现代人招致不同程度的剥削和奴役。资本主义生产方式的内在矛盾意味着资本主义将被共产主义所替代。到那时,人类社会将掀开新的历史时期,创建出全面且自由发展的生存方式。

In Engels'theory,the investigation and reflection of human life is an important subject.Labor is the driving force behind the birth of mankind and the generation of human society.Two kinds of production are the basis of the existence and development of human society.It brings the humansociety into the civilized age,and changes the human existence condition.Enter the era of capitalism,the development of human society has made unprecedented achievement.But,directly or indirectly,modern people incur different levels of exploitation and slavery.The contradiction of capitalist mode of production means that capitalism will be replaced by socialism and communism.Until then,Human society will open a new historical period.Sothe free and all-round development stage has come into being.