西方马克思主义对苏联教科书体系的批判

The Criticism of Western Marxism on the Soviet Textbook System and Influence

苏联教科书体系马克思主义是适应苏联特定历史时期革命建设需要的马克思主义阐释路向,对我国马克思主义研究产生了深远影响。它发挥过积极作用,亦存在内在缺陷。摒除其消极影响从改革开放之初成为我国学界共识。西方马克思主义对它的批判打开了全新的认知向度。批判首先指向它未领会马克思思想的哲学本质,从历史唯物主义中划分出辩证唯物主义,以抽象物质作为理论基石,这是实证主义化和机械决定论的知识论路向的阐释;其次,从内容到形式将马克思思想法典化、框架化,致使思想的感性丰富性被遮蔽。西方马克思主义视实践为马克思思想的核心,马克思由此真正超越了近代形而上学。最后,这一批判对我国马克思主义研究的深刻影响在于唤醒和革新我们的思维方式,推动我国马克思主义理论创新。

Marxism in the Soviet Union textbook system is the interpretation way to meet the needs of revolutionary construction in its specific historical period,which has exerted a far-reaching influence on the study of Marxism in China.It has played a positive role,but also has inherent defects.It has become the consensus of Chinese academic circles since the beginning of reform and opening up.The criticism of Western Marxism has opened up a new cognitive dimension.The criticism firstly points out that it does not understand the philosophical essence of Marx’s thought,divides Dialectical Materialism from Historical Materialism,and takes abstract material as the theoretical foundation,which is the explanation of positivism and mechanistic determinism.Secondly,codify and frame Marx’s thought from content to form,which makes the emotional richness of thought be covered.Western Marxism regards practice as the core of Marx’s thought,which makes Marx go beyond modern metaphysics.The profound influence of this criticism on the study of Marxism in China lies in the awakening and innovation of our way of thinking and the promotion of the innovation of Marxist theory in China.