论阿尔都塞对权力问题的反思--从生命政治学的视角考察

On Althusser’s Power Theory--From A Bio-politics Perspective

在经历了晚年人生悲剧之后,阿尔都塞书写了长篇自传《来日方长》来对自己的人生进行全面总结。这其中包含大量的生命政治学意义上的权力反思。通过研究包括该自传的手稿在内的丰富资料能够发现,阿尔都塞的一生,始终伴随着各种权力对其进行支配的创伤感。各种权力对阿尔都塞的支配,主要体现在以不同方式剥夺阿尔都塞身体的自主权。权力的巨大效应,笼罩在阿尔都塞的母子关系、父子关系,以及爱情关系等诸多方面。从阿尔都塞的自我诊断来看,正是权力对其身体的全面渗入,形成了其抑郁症的根源性病因。作为熟谙相关理论范式的思想家,阿尔都塞对其人生经历的带有反思性质的详细记录,对于理解现代性背景下权力的种种支配效应,并深化生命政治学研究具有重要的理论价值。

After experiencing the tragedy in his later years,Althusser wrote a long autobiography,to summarize his life comprehensively.This includes a lot of reflection on power in the sense of bio-politics.Through the study of the rich materials including the manuscript of the autobiography,we can find that Althusser’s life has always been accompanied by the trauma of power.The domination towards Althusser by various powers is mainly reflected in the deprivation of Althusser’s autonomy in different ways.The great effect of power is shrouded in Althusser’s mother-son relationship,father-son relationship and love relationship.From the perspective of Althusser’s self-diagnosis,it is the comprehensive penetration of power into his body that forms the reason of his depression.As a thinker who is familiar with relevant theoretical paradigms,Althusser’s detailed reflective record of his life has profound theoretical reflection value for understanding the various dominating effects of power in the context of modernity and for deepening the study of bio-politics.