从都市漫游者到文化行者——解读汤亭亭《孙行者》中的族裔空间与文化身份书写

From Flaneur to Cultural Tripmaster: The Interpretation of Ethnic Space and Cultural Identity in Maxine Hong Kingston’s Tripmaster Monkey

汤亭亭的小说《孙行者:他的即兴曲》以魏特曼·阿新的都市漫游为叙事线索,表达了对于美国华裔的族裔空间和身份书写的思考。阿新在漫游的过程中始终找不到合适的位置,无所适从和焦虑不安背后透露着他强烈的文化焦虑和无所归属感。通过自我调控式地观察、叙述和反思族裔空间,阿新逐渐认识到了自己的历史使命,承担起文化行者的责任,试图通过戏剧演出来彰显本族裔的文化记忆和文学传统,以集体的力量构想出"多元共存"的世界愿景。本文借由分析小说中阿新由都市漫游者到文化行者的自我嬗变,来深入剖析都市漫游所呈现出的种族化空间,以及华裔移民在多元文化和世界语境中建构文化身份和华裔主体性的重要意义。

In her novel Tripmaster Monkey:His Fake Book,Maxine Hong Kingston employs the image and figure of the flaneur to interpret and critique the function of ethnic space and identity within the Chinese American community.Wittman Ah Sing,a flaneur without a sense of belonging,cannot find his place while strolling in the streets of San Francisco.However,after observing,reflecting upon,and accounting for ethnic spaces,Ah Sing gradually realizes his duty as a cultural tripmaster.He tries to employ theatre as an artistic method that can embody his people’s cultural memory and traditions,and ultimately expresses a wish for multiculturalism.By analyzing the dramatic change of Wittman Ah Sing from being an aimless flaneur to a cultural tripmaster,this essay attempts to probe ethnic spaces and examine the efforts of Chinese Americans to construct their multicultural identity and subjectivity.