河南省12~15岁儿童龋病流行状况及其影响因素分析

Permanent teeth caries among 12-to 15-year-old school children in Henan province, 2015: prevalence and influencing factors

目的了解河南省12~15岁儿童龋病流行现状及其影响因素。方法按照第四次全国口腔健康流行病学调查方案,采用多阶段分层等容量随机抽样(PPS)方法,于2015年9—12月在河南省4县/区随机抽取12~15岁儿童共3 786人进行口腔健康检查和问卷调查。结果河南省3 786名儿童中,1 411名儿童患龋,恒牙患龋率为37.27%,龋均0.73,龋补充填比为9.26%。城乡儿童患龋率分别为37.46%、37.07%,龋均分别为(0.74±1.37)、(0.73±1.23),差异均无统计学意义;城市儿童龋补充填比(14.31%)高于农村(4.09%)(χ2=85.862,P <0.05);女生患龋率(42.34%)、龋均(0.86±1.37)和龋补充填比(10.39%)均高于男生的32.34%、(0.60±1.20)、7.69%(均P <0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,性别、年龄、父亲最高学历、自我牙齿和口腔状况评价及是否看过牙是河南省12~15岁儿童龋齿发生的影响因素。结论河南省12~15岁儿童恒牙患龋情况不容乐观。建议有关部门加大儿童口腔健康知识宣传力度,采取积极有效的防治措施,提高儿童的口腔健康水平。

Objective To examine the prevalence and impact factors of permanent teeth caries among 12 – 15 years old children in Henan province. Methods According to the methodology of the Fourth National Oral Health Survey, we conducted oral examination and questionnaire survey among 3 840 children aged 12 – 15 years recruited from 12 middle schools in four districts/countries of Henan province with stratified multistage probability proportionate to size sampling(PPS) during September – December, 2015. Results Among the 3 786 children with complete information, 1 411 had caries;the prevalence rate of permanent teeth caries was 37.27%;the average decay-missing-filled teeth(DMFT) was 0.73;and the caries filling ratio was 9.26%. There were no significant differences in prevalence rate of permanent teeth caries(37.46% vs.37.07%) and mean DMFT index(0.74 ± 1.37 vs. 0.73 ± 1.23) between the urban and the rural children;but the caries filling ratio was significantly higher among the urban children than that among the rural children(14.31% vs. 4.09%, χ2 = 85.862;P < 0.05). Compared to the boys, the girls had significantly higher prevalence rate of permanent teeth caries(42.34% vs.32.34%), mean DMFT index(0.86 ± 1.37 vs. 0.60 ± 1.20), and caries filling ratio(10.39% vs. 7.69%)(P < 0.05 for all).Multivariate logistic regression demonstrated that gender, age, paternal education, self-perceived oral health status, and dental care experience were significantly associated with the prevalence of permanent teeth caries among the children.Conclusion The permanent teeth caries is prevalent among 12 – 15 years old children in Henan province and interventions on oral health should be promoted among the children.