北京市居民雾霾风险与控制防护行为调查

Haze-related health protective behaviors among citizens in Beijing city:an online survey

目的了解北京市居民对雾霾风险与控制的防护行为现况,为制定有针对性的健教策略和干预措施提供科学依据。方法在2018年11月,面向所有在北京市注册的"东城区疾控中心"公众号关注成员发放自行设计的《北京市居民雾霾风险与控制的认知与防护行为》调查问卷,调查对象自愿在网上填写问卷,2周后回收问卷。结果本次共发放问卷15 698份,回收有效问卷15 334份,有效率为97.7%。93.5%的调查对象在雾霾天气会减少外出,92.4%的调查对象在雾霾天气会减少运动,96.2%的调查对象在雾霾天气外出佩戴口罩,86.1%的调查对象使用空气净化器;18~岁、女性、大学学历的调查对象雾霾防护行为率最高,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05);认为雾霾危害越大、对雾霾关注程度越高的调查对象雾霾防护行为率越高,差异均具有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。结论北京市居民雾霾防控行为率较高,应针对重点人群开展雾霾防护宣传指导。

Objective To examine the status quo of haze-related health protective behaviors among citizens in Beijing city for providing evidences to develop targeted health education strategies and intervention measures. Methods In November 2018, we distributed a self-designed questionnaire about cognition on haze-related health risk and protective behaviors via internet to all members of official account of Dongcheng District Center for Disease Control and Prevention registered in Beijing city. All voluntary responses were collected two weeks after the distribution. Results A total of 15 698 questionnaires were distributed and 15 334 valid response questionnaires were received, with a response rate of 97.7%. Of all the respondents, 93.5% and 92.4% reported decreased going out and physical exercise under smog weather;96.2% and 86.1% reported wearing mask when going out and using air purifiers at home under smog weather condition, respectively.The proportion of reporting haze-related health protective behaviors was significantly higher among the respondents aged 18 –44 years, females, and the college students(all P < 0.05) and the proportion was positively correlated significantly with the level of cognition on health hazards of haze and the concern about haze weather condition(P < 0.05 for all). Conclusion The prevalence rate of haze-related health protective behaviors is relatively high among citizens in Beijing city but health education on cognition and protection of haze condition still needs to be promoted in key population groups.