工业革命背景下产学合作的演进与展望——英、德、美、日四国比较

Evolution and Prospect of Industry-university Cooperation under the Background of Industrial Revolution——A Comparative Study of UK,Germany,USA and Japan

产学合作是大学嵌入工业革命的重要途径。其演进遵循可追溯的逻辑主线,即通过激励政策,对公共知识进行需求与供给的竞争性动态配置。英德美日四国产学合作在前三次工业革命中表现出不同运行模式:自发、分散的英国模式;科学主导的德国模式;市场主导的美国模式;政府主导的日本模式。第四次工业革命背景下,我国高等教育系统要实现对工业发展反向流动,需促进基础研究与应用研究融通发展,进行科技资源整合,发挥研究型大学作用并侧重对经济社会效益评估。

Industry-university cooperation is an important way for universities to join the industrial revolution.Industry-university cooperation dynamically allocates public knowledge through incentive policies.Looking at the first three industrial revolutions, there are different modes of industry-university cooperation among UK, Germany, USA and Japan.For example, Britain focuses on freedom, Germany sticks to science, the United States serves the market, and Japan relies on the government.Under the background of the fourth industrial revolution, it is necessary to promote the integration and development of basic research and applied research, integration of science and technology resources and giving full play to the role of research universities.