2005-2020年绵阳市涪城区流行性腮腺炎流行病学特征分析

Analysis of Epidemiological Characteristics of Mumps in Fucheng District of Mianyang City From 2005 to 2020

目的了解2005-2020年绵阳市涪城区流行性腮腺炎的流行病学特征,为有效控制流行性腮腺炎提供科学依据。方法采用描述性流行病学分析方法,对2005-2020年绵阳市涪城区流行性腮腺炎发病情况进行统计分析。构成比用百分比表示,率的比较采用χ^(2)检验。以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果2005-2020年绵阳市涪城区共报告流行性腮腺炎病例4749例,年均报告发病率47.80/10万,无死亡病例,无暴发疫情,不同年度流行性腮腺炎报告发病率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=3000.68,P<0.001)。城区报告发病3654例(76.94%),报告发病率为61.45/10万,乡镇报告发病1095例(23.06%),发病率为27.45/10万,城区发病率高于乡镇(χ^(2)=577.79,P<0.001);时间以4~8月和11月至次年1月为主,形成2个发病高峰。报告病例中,男性发病2822例(59.42%),发病率为56.36/10万;女性发病1927例(40.58%),发病率为39.10/10万,报告病例男女性别比为1.46∶1,且男性发病率高于女性(χ^(2)=154.78,P<0.001);发病年龄以5~9岁为主(2390例,50.33%),发病率为436.00/10万,不同年龄组发病率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=897.52,P<0.001);职业以学生、托幼儿童发病为主。结论涪城区流行性腮腺炎报告发病以学生和托幼儿童为主,应对15岁以下儿童进行流行性腮腺炎疫苗或含腮腺炎成份疫苗的接种,提高易感人群的免疫水平,同时开展监测,采取综合性的预防措施与策略,防止疫情的发生和流行。

Objective We sought to understand the epidemiological characteristics of mumps in Fucheng District,Mianyang City from 2005 to 2020,and to provide scientific basis for effective control of mumps.Methods Statistical analysis of the incidence of mumps in Fucheng District,Mianyang City from 2005 to 2020 were made using descriptive epidemiological analysis method.Constitutive ratio was expressed as percentage,andχ^(2) test was used for comparison of the rates with a significant threshold of P<0.05.Results A total of 4749 cases of mumps were reported from 2005 to 2020,with a reported average annual incidence of 47.80/100000,with no deaths and outbreaks.Statistically significant differences for the incidence of mumps reported in different years were shown in this study(χ^(2)=3000.68,P<0.001).3654 cases(76.94%)were reported in urban areas,with an incidence of 61.45/100000,and 1095 cases(23.06%)were reported in towns with an incidence of 27.45/100000.The incidence in urban areas was higher than that in towns(χ^(2)=577.79,P<0.001);Two peaks of incidence were noted from April to August and from November to January the following year;In this study,there were 2822 male patients(59.42%),with an incidence of 56.36/100000;and 1927 female patients(40.58%),with an incidence of 39.10/100000,and the male-to-female incidence ratio was 1.46∶1.The male incidence was higher than female(χ^(2)=154.78,P<0.001);The age of onset was mainly between 5 and 9 years old(2390 cases,50.33%),with an incidence of 436.00/100000,statistically significant differences of incidence were shown between different age groups(χ^(2)=897.52,P<0.001);The occupations of patients were mainly students and kindergartens.Conclusion Students and kindergartens are mainly affected population of mumps in Fucheng district.Children under the age of 15 years should be vaccinated with mumps vaccine or vaccine containing mumps to improve the immune level of susceptible people.Simultaneously,surveillance needed to be carried out,and comprehensive preventive measures and strategies should be taken to prevent the occurrence and spread of the epidemic.