鱼类保活运输及其对肌肉和血液生理生化指标影响研究进展

Research progress on the live transportation of fish and its effect on muscle and physiological and biochemical indexes of blood

随着水产品冷链物流技术的发展,作为其重要组成部分,保活运输的关键点已不仅是成活率和生理生化指标,运输过程对水产动物营养和品质的影响也至关重要。本文通过综述不同鱼类在有水保活和无水保活运输方法下,运输条件对鱼肉蛋白质、脂肪、糖原、pH的影响机制以及保活运输前后鱼体内主要生理生化指标的变化,发现温度对保活运输鱼类存活的影响非常大,最佳存活温度与鱼类品种密切相关;保活运输过程中,鱼体的3大供能物质及血液生化指标都会发生较大变化,大多数指标在运输结束鱼体复苏后基本都有所恢复,恢复的程度取决于鱼种、运输方法、运输温度和运输时长。本文通过对鱼类保活运输品质控制的相关研究进行总结,为改善鱼类保活运输技术提供重要的参考依据和指导方案。

With the development of cold chain logistics technology of aquatic products,the key point of the live transportation is not only the survival rate and biochemical indicators,but also the nutrition and quality of aquatic products affected by the transportation process.This paper reviewed different fish live transport methods with water conservation or not,the influence mechanism of the preservation process on protein,fat,glycogen and pH value of fish and changes of main physiological and biochemical indexes of fish before and the preservation transport,found that temperature was very important to the survial of fish and the best survial temperature was closely related to the fish species.The energy and blood biochemical indicators of fish would change a lot during the live transportation.Most indicators would basically recover after the recovery of the fish at the end of transportation and the degree of recovery depended on the species,transportation methods,transportation temperature and transportation time.This paper summarized the relevant research on fish preservation transportation so as to provide important reference basis and guidance scheme for improving the technology of fish live transportation.