地方金融的央地协同治理及其法治路径

Collaborative Governance by Central and Local Regulators on the Local Finance and Its Legal Approaches

央地关系是在体制层面决定我国地方金融监管绩效的核心因素。央地分权、地方竞争及金融体制改革构成了中央金融监管机构的行为约束,也铸就了地方金融及其监管的日益成型。但央地双方对金融产业及其监管的差异性认知及诉求,在监管立法权分配、监管权责分配、问题金融组织处置、金融监管公共产品供给等层面的"央地关系失衡",成为地方金融监管实践中诸多积弊的根由。应以"央地协同治理"作为地方金融监管法治建设的理念,在"国务院金融稳定发展委员会"下设专业委员会作为央地协同治理的实体组织,完善央地监管职能及具体监管权责的界定与分配,尤其是在地方金融组织的资产管理业务上实行"功能主义、类型化和风险控制"的监管模式,以监管与产业利益、消费者权益的平衡为核心完善地方问题金融组织处置,在信息和信用监管领域强化地方金融监管的基础设施建设和公共产品供给,从而推进金融治理体系及治理能力的现代化。

Central-regional relation is the core factor that determines the performance of Chinese local financial supervision at the institutional level.Central decentralization,local competition,and reform of the financial system constitute the behavioral constraints of the central financial supervisory authority,and have also shaped the growing formation of local finance and its supervision.However,the central and local governments have different perceptions and demands for the financial industry and its supervision.The imbalance between central and local governments in terms of the distribution of regulatory legislative power,the distribution of regulatory power and responsibility,the disposition of problematic financial organizations,and the supply of financial regulatory public goods have become the root causes of many accumulated disadvantages in local financial supervision.Central-regional collaborative governance should be taken as the ideal of the legal construction of local financial supervision,and a professional committee should be established under the Financial Stability Development Committee of the State Council as the entity of central-regional collaborative governance.in order,to improve the definition and distribution of central-regional supervision functions and specific supervisory powers and responsibilities,especially to implement a functionalist,typed,and risk-controlled regulatory model in the asset management business of local financial organizations,and to focus on the balance between regulation,industrial interests and consumer rights,to improve the disposal of local troubled financial organizations.In the field of information and credit supervision,the above approaches will strengthen the infrastructure construction and public goods supply of local financial supervision,and promote the modernization of the financial governance system and governance capabilities.