使命型政党:新型政党理论分析范式创新与发展之道

Mission-oriented Party:The Innovation and the Secret of Developing of New Theoretical Analysis Paradigm of New Political Parties

坚持党的领导,是中国共产党领导中国革命、建设与改革的最宝贵经验。现代西方经典政党理论关于政党只是国家与社会“连接中介”的认知并不准确,不能有效解释中国共产党这种马克思主义政党,而且,现代西方国家的主要政党亦深嵌于国家高层政治之中。要突破政党理论研究的困境,就必须进行政党理论分析范式创新。通过基于政党功能类型的政党性质光谱的重构,从理论假设、理论基础、关系结构、组织原则、角色地位、使命责任、政治形态、发展道路等综合维度,可以将中外现代政党的主要类型分为竞争型政党与使命型政党。新型政党理论分析范式基于政党性质、功能与使命“三位一体”考察,分为基于选票本位观的竞争型政党和基于人民本位观的使命型政党两大范式。推进使命型政党的有效发展之道,在于不断强化党员、党的干部、党的组织和党的中央领导集团这四大支柱,在伟大斗争中锻炼自己,走出一条“良心+良制+良治”的人类社会现代化发展新路。

Sticking to the principle of the Party’s leadership is the most valuable experience of the Communist Party of China in the course of leading China’s revolution,construction and reform.The acknowledge about the party acting as intermediary agency between the country and the society according to modern western classical political theory is not correct,and cannot give an effective explanation on the Communist Party of China as the Marxism political party,on the contrary,the main modern western political parties are embedded in the fields of national strategic decision of politics.In order to break through the dilemma of the study of political party theory,it is necessary to innovate the analytical paradigm of political party theory.By the reconstruction of party nature spectrum based on the types of party functions,the leading types of modern political parties in China and modern western countries can be divided into the competition-oriented parties and the mission-oriented party from the comprehensive dimensions of theoretical hypothesis,theoretical basis,relationship structure,organizational principle,role and status,mission and accountability,political form and developmental path.Based on the“trinity”of nature,function and mission,the paper establishes a new theoretical classification paradigm of political parties between the competition-oriented parties based on the nature of open voting in western countries and the mission-oriented party based on the nature of the people’s wills in China.The effective way to promote the development of mission-oriented party is to continuously strengthen the four pillars of Party members,Party cadres,Party organizations and CPC Central Leadership Group,exercise themselves in the great struggle,and finally find out a new road of the modernization development of human society featuring with“good human nature+good system+good governance”.