算法法人的理论证立及构成要素探析

Algorithmic Legal Person:Theoretical Justification and Constituent Elements

人工智能、区块链等算法技术孕育着迥异于传统法人的新型组织关系,当下主要表现为人工智能开始取代自然智能获得实体的控制权,去中心化特点的分布式账本技术建构的自治组织排斥传统中心化组织机构。该类基于算法架构的实体应被认为独立的法人主体,即算法法人。此乃新技术产业发展所需;能够构筑我国制度优势,推动国家战略实现;方便国家监管,助推美好生活;域外法治实践亦可为镜鉴。算法法人的技术特性决定其构成要素分殊,除特定算法技术要素,应根据算法运行模式、特点及目的事业实现方式等,具体判定成员、财产是否系构成要素。算法法人无需传统法人组织机构,但尚需人类协助,有必要依其类型设置代表人、管理人及技术管理人,分别负责算法法人的对外事务、内部管理及技术事务。

Algorithmic technologies such as artificial intelligence and blockchain have bred new organizational relationships that are quite different from traditional legal persons. At present,artificial intelligence has begun to replace natural intelligence to gain control of entities, and autonomous organizations constructed by distributed ledger technology with decentralized characteristics reject traditional centralized organizations. Such algorithmic entities based on algorithmic architecture should be regarded as independent legal entities, that is, algorithmic legal entities.This is required for the development of new technology and industries. It can build our country’s institutional advantages and promote the realization of national strategies;facilitate national supervision and promote a better life. The foreign legal practice can also serve as a mirror. The technical characteristics of an algorithmic legal person determine its constituent elements. Except for specific algorithmic technical elements, it should be determined whether members and property are the constituent elements according to the algorithm operation mode, characteristics, and the realization of the purpose business. Algorithmic legal persons do not need traditional legal person organizations, but still the human assistance to operate is still wanted. It is necessary to set up representative, manager and technical manager according to their types, who are respectively responsible for the external affairs, internal management and technical affairs of the algorithm legal person.