论我国仲裁机构的法律地位及其改革之路

Legal Status of Arbitration Institutions in China and Their Route of Reform

基于特定的历史原因,我国大多数仲裁机构的法律地位至今仍是“参照事业单位”。仲裁法施行的26年间,虽然一些仲裁机构在“去行政化”的道路上作出了艰难的探索,但在我国事业单位改革以及仲裁公信力有待提高的大背景下,仲裁机构法律地位的改革仍任重道远。仲裁法(修订)(征求意见稿)将仲裁机构定位为非营利法人,可能面临规范供应不足困境。结合民法典构建的法人体系,我国仲裁机构的法律地位宜确定为社会服务机构。对于仲裁机构法律地位的改革,应针对各仲裁机构的实际情况逐步进行,并建立强制退出机制,以淘汰那些无法成功转型的仲裁机构。仲裁法早已规定的中国仲裁协会也应在仲裁机构改革时予以建立,从而实现对仲裁机构有效的外部监督。

For specific historical reasons,most arbitration institutions in China shall still"refer to institutions"for their legal status.In the 26 years since the implementation of the Arbitration Law of the People's Republic of China,although some arbitration institutions have made difficult efforts to"de-administrate"themselves,there is still a long way to go in reforming the legal status of arbitration institutions in the context of the reform of institutions in China and the need to improve the credibility of arbitration.Positioning arbitration institutions as non-profit legal persons by the Arbitration Law of the People's Republic of China(Revised)(Draft for Public Comments)may face the problem of insufficient supply of regulation.In light of the legal person system constructed by the Civil Code of the People's Republic of China,it is appropriate to characterize the legal status of arbitration institutions in China as social service agencies.The reform of the legal status of arbitration institutions should be carried out gradually in response to the actual situation of each arbitration institution,and a mandatory withdrawal mechanism should be established to eliminate those arbitration institutions that cannot be successfully transformed.The China Arbitration Association,long provided for in the Arbitration Law of the People's Republic of China,should also be established in the reform of arbitration institutions so as to achieve effective external supervision of arbitration institutions.