产权、所有权和社会关系

Property Rights,Ownership,and Social Relations

过去40年,诞生于社会主义经济发展争论背景下的产权社会学取得了重要进展。本文围绕国家所有权、产权明晰和产权的社会后果三个主题,考察了这一领域的三个关键论点:第一,国家所有权并不必然是问题所在;第二,产权并不必然是明晰的才能发挥作用;第三,产权变革在本质上指向人,而非物品。产权社会学在实践和理论两方面均有重要意涵:一方面,应当避免不符合当下发展规律的“完全国家所有制”,同时在产权变革上区分所有制变革与组织变革;另一方面,将社会关系等因素纳入产权分析,以“关系主义”改造对物的产权理解。产权社会学的进一步突破须着力解决缺乏一般性理论框架和跨学科能力较弱的问题。

This article discusses three key arguments in sociology of property rights.Firstly,state ownership is not necessarily the problem;secondly,property rights need not be clearly established to function;and thirdly,the reform of property rights is essentially directed at individuals rather than goods.On the one hand,returning to“complete state ownership”should be avoided,and reforms in ownership and in organization should be distinguished in property rights changes;on the other hand,factors such as social relations should be incorporated into the analysis of property rights.