土地改革前夕山林权属的研究——基于南方六省的分析

A Study on the Forest Ownership before the Land Reform:An Analysis Based on the Six Provinces in Southern China

中国南方森林资源丰富,但因为分布、民族以及社会经济的差异,各地的山林占有关系较为复杂。本文利用地方志、土地改革时期文献资料以及相关法律法规对南方三个行政大区六个省份的山林权属进行分析。研究发现六个省份土改前夕均以私有林为主,公有林次之,国有林最少;六省各阶层山林占有关系存在较大差异,福建省山林占有较为分散,浙江省、江西省、湖南省山林占有较为集中,而四川省与云南省的山林占有呈两极分化的格局;各省因为资源禀赋、产品市场发育程度等因素存在着多样化的山林经营方式。整体而言,土地改革前夕南方六省山林占有差异较大,但各地多样化的山林经营方式与优化生产要素组合的目标密切关联,有很强的资源配置效率属性。

There are rich forest resources in Southern China.However,the relationship of forest ownership is also more complicated in various regions due to differences of ownership,minority and social economy.This paper analyzes the distribution of forests ownership in the south by using local chronicles,documents during the Land Reform,and relevant laws and regulations.The study show that before the Land Reform in the six provinces,private forests were dominated,followed by public forests.And area of the state-owned forests was the least.And there are large differences in the ownership of forests in the six provinces.The ownership of forests in Fujian Province is relatively scattered,but the forests in Zhejiang Province,Jiangxi Province,and Hunan Province are more concentrated in the hands of landlords and rich peasants.What’s more,the ownership of forests in Sichuan and Yunnan is very uneven.There are diversified forest management methods in each province due to resource endowments and development of product market.Although the ownership of forests in the six southern provinces was quite different before the Land Reform,the diversified management of forests in various regions achieved a combination of production factors to improve efficiency of resource allocation.