我国制造业新旧动能顺畅转换的实现路径

The Realization Path of the Smooth Conversion of Old and New Driving Forces in China

“十四五”规划建议提出,要保持制造业比重基本稳定,巩固壮大实体经济根基。而如何实现制造业新旧动能转换,成为新格局下需求迫切解决的问题。本文深入剖析新旧动能转换着力点,对标目前转换过程中存在问题,“对症下药”,探索顺畅转换路径。旧动能向新动能转换需从供给端和需求端同时发力,供给端依靠要素、企业、产业和社会四大着力点,从微观到宏观层层推进,并由宏观渗透至微观;需求端从扩大开放、释放消费需求两个着力点拉动。创新要素支撑不足、人力资本错配金融支持力度弱化、需求动力不足、体制机制障碍是目前新旧动能转换不畅的主要原因。应从优化创新要素支撑作用、数字技术融合产业发展、释放消费需求、深化机制体制改革四.个方面入手,扫清新旧动能转换障碍。

The"14th Five-Year"plan proposes that the proportion of manufacturing must be kept basically stable and the foundation of the real economy should be consolidated and expanded.How to realize the conversion of old and new driving forces of manufacturing industry has become an urgent problem to be solved under the new pattern.This article analyzes the focus of the conversion of old and new driving forces in depth,compares the existing problems in the current conversion process,“prescribes the right medicine”,and explores a smooth conversion path.The conversion of old driving forces to new driving forces requires simultaneous efforts from the supply side and the demand side.The supply side relies on the four main focus points of factors,enterprises,industries and society,from the micro to the macro level,and from the macro to the micro;The expansion of opening up and:the release of consumer demand are two driving forces.Insufficient support for innovation elements,mismatch of human capital,weakening of financial support,insufficient demand momentum,and institutional obstacles are the main reasons for the poor conversion of old and new driving forces.We should start with the four aspects of optimizing the supporting role of innovative elements,integrating industry development with digital technology,releasing consumer demand,and deepening the reform of the mechanism and system,to clear the barriers to the conversion of old driving forces.