不规则语法现象的词汇化处理方案及其意义

On the lexicalization of grammatical irregularities and its significance

语言中存在大量的不规则和例外现象,而对于这些特殊现象的处理一宜是困扰学界的难题。相关文献有的回避了对此现象的定性,有的只是重新表述问题,没有从根本上解决问题。本文在国内外相关研究的基础上重新定义了不规则语法现象的内涵与特点,主张将这些所谓的不合逻辑、不合常规语法规则但可以理解和接受的不规则语法现象进行整体打包和词汇化处理,统一归入“扩充的词库”中。这种词汇化处理方案,不仅简化了核心语法运算系统,而且解决了一般与个别、普遍规则与例外现象的关系问题,同时还符合儿童语言习得的客观规律和自然语言处理的“大词库,小语法”的技术路线,具有重要的理论意义。

Human languages are never lack of grammatical irregularities and exceptions,to which the approaches have always defied linguistic analyses.Some relevant researches avoid qualitative analyses of such problems,and some only restate the problem without providing substantial solutions.Based on the preliminary results of these studies,this paper re-discusses the connotation and characteristics of grammatical irregularities,and proposes to package and lexicalize the so-called illogical and irregular grammatical forms(which are comprehensible and acceptable but not consistent with conventional grammatical rules)into an"enriched lexicon".Such a lexicalization-based solution may simplify the core grammar operation system,and clarifies the relation between the general and the individual,and between the general rules and the exceptions.It also conforms to the patterns of child language acquisition and the technical route of"big lexicon,small grammar"in natural language processing.