“跑”是怎么有了奔跑义的

How did the verb pao(跑)obtain the meaning of "to run"

本文考证“跑”表示奔跑义的来源。此义和“跑”的兽足刨地义没有关系,是从跳跃义演变来的,产生于宋代。表示跳跃义的词不少有疾走义,可为旁证。本文还讨论了“跑”字的音义关系。通过文献考察得知,“跑”字宋代产生奔跑义时已由並母觉韵误读为口语常用的刨地义的“跑”字音(並母爻韵),到元代浊音清化,平分阴阳,变为滂母阳平调。明代晚期从阳平调变为上声调,是以音别义的结果,普通话继承了这一读音。

This paper proposes that the source of the word pao(跑,"to run")bears no relation with the word pao indicating the digging action of animals.It should be derived from the pao meaning"to jump"during the Song dynasty,which can be accounted for by the fact that many'words meaning"to jump"obtained a sense of"to run"in history.Besides,this paper also discusses the different pronunciations of pao and their relations with various semantic notions.In the Tang dynasty,the word pao meaning"to jump"was pronounced as[bok].During the Song dynasty,such a pronunciation was replaced by[bau],the vernacular pronunciation of pao indicating the digging action of animals by foot,and was then devoiced into[p^(h)au^(2)]in the Yuan dynasty.The current pronunciation[p^(h)au^(3)]in Mandarin was derived from[p^(h)au^(2)]during the Ming dynasty.