基于血清抗体检测分析2017-2019年合肥地区支气管肺炎患儿肺炎支原体感染的单中心流行病学特征

Single-center epidemiological characteristics of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection in children with bronchopneumonia in Hefei from 2017 to 2019

目的分析合肥地区支气管肺炎患儿肺炎支原体(MP)的感染情况。方法选择2017年1月至2019年12月在安徽中医药大学第一附属医院住院的支气管肺炎患儿2691例为研究对象。采用血清抗体检测方法检测患儿MP抗体。对不同年份、发病季节、性别、年龄的支气管肺炎患儿MP感染情况进行统计分析。结果2691例患儿中,MP阳性2043例,阳性率为75.92%。2017年、2018年、2019年支气管肺炎患儿MP阳性率分别为75.06%(602/802)、78.77%(653/829)、74.34%(788/1060);2017年支气管肺炎患儿MP阳性率与2018年、2019年比较差异均无统计学意义(χ^(2)=3.158、0.126,P>0.05);2018年支气管肺炎患儿MP阳性率显著高于2019年(χ^(2)=5.046,P<0.05)。春季、夏季、秋季、冬季支气管肺炎患儿MP阳性率分别为70.75%(445/629)、76.89%(416/541)、78.07%(477/611)、77.47%(705/910);夏季、秋季、冬季支气管肺炎患儿MP阳性率均高于春季(χ^(2)=5.655、8.713、8.907,P<0.05);夏季、秋季、冬季3个季节支气管肺炎患儿MP阳性率比较差异均无统计学意义(χ^(2)=0.227、0.064、0.075,P>0.05)。男童和女童MP阳性率分别为71.21%(1071/1504)、81.89%(972/1187),女童MP阳性率显著高于男童(χ^(2)=41.368,P<0.05)。<1岁、1~3岁、3~7岁、≥7岁支气管肺炎患儿MP阳性率分别为41.18%、51.47%、77.54%、89.38%,随着年龄的增长,支气管肺炎患儿MP阳性率逐渐增高,且不同年龄段患儿之间两两比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论合肥地区支气管肺炎患儿中MP的阳性率较高,近3 a来阳性率无明显规律。夏季、秋季、冬季支气管肺炎患儿MP感染阳性率高于春季。女童阳性率高于男童,学龄前期和学龄期患儿是肺炎支原体易感人群。

Objective To analyze the infection of Mycoplasma pneumoniae(MP)in children with bronchopneumonia in Hefei.Methods A total of 2691 children with bronchopneumonia admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine from January 2017 to December 2019 were selected as the research objects.MP antibody was detected by serum antibody test.The infection of MP in children with bronchopneumonia in different years,seasons,genders and ages was analyzed.Results Among the 2691 cases,2043(75.92%)children were positive for MP antibody.The positive rates of MP in children with bronchopneumonia in 2017,2018 and 2019 year were 75.06%(602/802),78.77%(653/829)and 74.34%(788/1060),respectively;there was no significant difference in MP positive rate between the 2017 year and 2018 year,2019 year(χ^(2)=3.158,0.126;P>0.05);the positive rate of MP in 2018 year was significantly higher than that in 2019 year(χ^(2)=5.046,P<0.05).The positive rates of MP in children with bronchopneumonia in spring,summer,autumn and winter were 70.75%(445/629),76.89%(416/541),78.07%(477/611)and 77.47%(705/910),respectively;the MP positive rate of children with bronchopneumonia in summer,autumn and winter was significantly higher than that in spring(χ^(2)=5.655,8.713,8.907;P<0.05).There was no significant difference in MP positive rate of children with bronchopneumonia among summer,autumn and winter(χ^(2)=0.227,0.064,0.075;P>0.05).The positive rates of MP in male children and female children were 71.21%(1071/1504)and 81.89%(972/1187),respectively;the infection rate of MP of female children was significantly higher than that of male children(χ^(2)=41.368,P<0.05).The positive rates of MP in<1 years old,1-3 years old,3-7 years old,≥7 years old children with bronchopneumonia were 41.18%(7/17),51.47%(228/443),77.54%(1219/1572)and 89.38%(589/659),respectively;with the increase of age,the positive rate of MP in children with bronchopneumonia increased gradually,and there were significant differences between different age groups(P<0.05).Conclusion The positive rate of MP is higher in children with bronchopneumonia in Hefei area,and there was no obvious regularity in the past 3 years.The infection rates of MP of children with bronchopneumonia in summer,autumn and winter are higher than that in spring.The positive rate of MP of female children is higher than that of male children.Preschool and school-age children are susceptible to MP.