积极嵌入和嵌合发展:突发公共卫生事件中的社会工作行动研究

Vigorous Embedment and Chimerism:Action Research on Social Work in Public Health Emergencies

2020年新冠肺炎疫情在全球爆发,世界卫生组织宣布其为“国际关注的突发公共卫生事件”。新冠肺炎疫情爆发后,中国社会工作的专家学者和实务工作者自始至终进行了广泛的参与,这样大规模地介入公共卫生领域危机事件,在中国社会工作发展史上属于首次。社会工作行动也最大程度地延续了中国已有的本土特色,在疫情初期首先是积极“嵌入”,在疫情进入常态防控阶段后,社会工作专家学者又提出了“嵌合”的概念。从积极嵌入到嵌合发展,疫情中参与式的行动建构了社会工作的基本特征,社会工作行动“嵌入”于原有的社会结构中,“嵌合”表现为与其他行动主体的合作与协同服务。嵌入和嵌合是中国社会工作本土的自生概念,在实际的工作中将推动社会政策进展,逐步把社会工作纳入到政府公共卫生服务和应急管理体系中,积极嵌入和嵌合发展也将成为中国公共卫生社会工作的本土化路径。

The World Health Organization(WHO)declared in 2020 the novel coronavirus outbreak a public health emergency of international concern.In China,experts,scholars and other workers in the field of social work extensively participated in fighting against Covid-19.It was a large-scale intervention in public health emergency that happened in China for the first time in the course of social work.This intervention is also marked with existing features of China,namely,social work action embedded itself positively in the primary stage of the combat and assumed a new form,which was called“chimerism”by those specialists and scholars in the field of social work,during the regular epidemic prevention and control.From active embedment to chimerism,participatory action in the epidemic has become the elementary characteristic of social work.In other words,social work action is embedded in the original social structure and its chimerism can be seen in its cooperation and coordination with other main bodies.Embedment and chimerism are theoretical concepts indigenous to China.Guided by them,progress will be made in social policy that can gradually incorporate social work into governmental systems of public health service and emergency management.Meanwhile,vigorous embedment and chimerism will also become approaches that can be localized into China’s public health social work.