兰州地区438例哮喘儿童过敏原皮肤点刺试验结果

Analysis of allergen skin prick test results among 438 asthmatic children in Lanzhou area

目的分析兰州地区支气管哮喘儿童常见吸入过敏原种类,探讨国产过敏原皮肤点刺试验(skin prick test,SPT)试剂的安全性。方法对本院儿童哮喘中心438例支气管哮喘患儿进行过敏原SPT,用变应原溶媒作阴性对照,0.01%磷酸组胺作阳性对照,进而对过敏原检出状况进行分析,观察评价国产SPT试剂的安全性。结果438例支气管哮喘患儿过敏原SPT总阳性率为69.86%(306/438),兰州地区常见吸入性过敏原前4位分别是大籽蒿花粉(42.2%)、柳树花粉(41.1%)、向日葵花粉(38.4%)、藜属花粉(37.0%)。30种过敏原在不同性别间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。花粉、尘螨、动物皮屑及昆虫在不同年龄段间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),而霉菌无统计学意义(P>0.05)。所有进行SPT的患儿无不良事件(aside effect,AE)发生。结论花粉是兰州地区儿童哮喘最常见的吸入性过敏原。随着年龄增长,花粉、尘螨、动物皮屑及昆虫过敏越来越多。国产SPT试剂安全性高,有助于儿童支气管哮喘的诊断及治疗。

Objective To analyze the common allergenic aeroallergens among asthmatic children in Lanzhou area,and to explore safety of domestic skin prick test(SPT)reagents.Methods Inhalant allergen skin prick tests were performed among 438 asthmatic children in children's asthma clinic,Maternal and Children's Health Hospital Gansu Province,while allergen solvent was used as negative control and 0.01%histamine phosphate as positive control.The results of SPT were analyzed.Safety of domestic SPT reagents were observed and evaluated.Results The skin prick tests were performed among 438 patients.Positive results were shown among 306(69.86%)cases.The tops four inhalant allergens were Artemisia sieversiana,Helianthus annuus,Salix and Chenopodium album pollen in Lanzhou area,basing on SPT results.Positive rate of 30 kinds of aeroallergens was not significantly differed between genders(P>0.05).Positive rates of pollen,dust mites,animal dander and insects were significantly differed among different age groups(P<0.05),but not significant for molds(P>0.05).There was no adverse events(AE)among 438 patients with SPT.Conclusion Pollen was the most common inhaled allergen among asthmatic children in Lanzhou area.SPT positive rate of pollen,dust mites,animal dander and insects increased with age.Domestic SPT reagent was safe and helpful for diagnosis and treatment of bronchial asthma in children.