红外通道空间分辨率对火点监测应用的影响分析

Effect Analysis of Spatial Resolution of Infrared Channels on Fire Point Monitoring Application

目前基于卫星遥感的火点探测主要采用千米级分辨率的中红外波段数据,而对红外各波段火点探测灵敏度的定量研究很少,不利于充分发挥红外波段信息在火情监测中的作用。首次利用混合像元分解方法来定量分析分辨率为150 m、300 m和1 km的各红外波段在火点监测应用中的差异。结果表明,150 m分辨率中红外通道比1 km分辨率通道的火点探测灵敏度高30倍左右;300 m分辨率远红外通道可探测百平方米量级的火点;150 m分辨率短波红外通道对高强度明火区反应明显。另外还将气象卫星1 km分辨率以及环境减灾星150 m、300 m分辨率红外数据用于2009年春季黑龙江省逊克县林火和夏季安徽省秸秆焚烧火点的监测个例,从而验证了上述分析结论。结果表明,通过提高红外波段的分辨率,可以明显提升卫星遥感在微小火点探测、火场动态监测以及火势评估等方面的应用能力。

At present,fire detection based on satellite remote sensing mainly use the mid-infrared band data with the resolution of kilometer level,but the quantitative research on the detection sensitivity of different infrared bands is very few.This is not conducive to give full play to the role of infrared band information in fire monitoring.In this paper,the mixed pixel decomposition method is used for the first time to quantitatively analyze the differences of different infrared bands with resolution of 150 m,300 m and 1 km in the application of fire spot monitoring.The results show that the sensitivity of the mid-infrared channel with a resolution of 150 m is about 30 times higher than that of the channel with a resolution of 1 km.The far-infrared channel with the resolution of 300 m can detect the fire point of 100 square meters level and the short-wave infrared channel with a resolution of 150 m has obvious response to high intensity open fire area.In this paper,the infrared data of meteorological satellite with a resolution of 1 km and environmental disaster mitigation satellite with a resolution of 150 m as well as 300 m are used to monitor the forest fire in Xunke County of Heilongjiang province in spring and straw burning in Anhui province in summer of 2009,so as to verify the conclusions above.The results show that improving the resolution of infrared band obviously improves the application ability of satellite remote sensing in very small fire spot detection,fire dynamic monitoring,and fire condition assessment.