基于能耗目标的既有住宅外围护构件优化配置研究--以大连为例

现行大规模更新模式下,大部分住宅外围护墙体翻新主要通过粉刷方法实现。原有立面构件及住户增加的立面要素均未纳入设计优化范围。在城市更新的大背景下,如何结合阶段性节能改造实现既有住宅外围护构件的合理配置,是城市管理部门面临的课题之一。本文采用类型学方法,结合国内外集合住宅更新实践经验与住户实际居住需求,分析归纳既有住宅的外围护构件要素及其组织规则,构建立面构件元素数据库,利用参数化方法生成立面组合。结果表明5-7层采用太阳能光伏、节能灯与活动式遮阳设计能够实现既有住宅近零能耗,且回收期虽然随着层数增加而延长,但都可30年内回收。为北方既有住宅更新实践进一步深化提供有价值的依据。

The renewal of existing residential buildings in northern cities driven by phased energy-saving renovation has been fully carried out.Under the current large-scale renewal model,most of the residential exterior envelop renovation is mainly achieved by painting.The original façade components and the façade elements added by residents were not included in the design optimization scope.In the context of urban renewal,how to combine the phased energy-saving standards to achieve a reasonable configuration of the existing residential envelope components is one of the issues facing the urban management department.The study adopts typological methods,combines the practical experience of domestic and foreign apartment building renewal and the actual living needs of residents,analyzes and summarizes the elements of the outer envelope of existing buildings and their organization rules,builds a database of facade element elements,and uses parameterization methods to generate a face combination.The results show that on the basis of beautification,5-7 floors adopt solar photovoltaics,energy-saving lamps and movable shading design can achieve nearly zero energy consumption in existing residential buildings.Although the cost of recycling increases with the increase in the number of floors,it can all be recycled within 30 years,which can provide a valuable basis for the deepening of existing residential renewal practices in the North.