毛泽东农业合作化思想及其历史价值

Research on Mao Zedong’s Thought of Agriculture Cooperation and Its Historical Value

毛泽东在新民主主义革命时期,通过农民生产互助、大生产运动探索了农业合作化。新中国成立后,毛泽东全面推动农业社会主义改造,经历了互助组、初级社和高级社,并先后针对党内分歧进行了六次批评右倾或纠正“左”倾的工作,最终实现并巩固了农业集体化。毛泽东农业合作化思想是马克思主义中国化的重大理论创新成果,具有以“地少人多”的基本国情为遵循、以中国封建土地制度和苏联集体农庄实践为借鉴、以建立全部的巩固的中国社会主义为目标等三大特点,其历史价值主要体现在建立了人人平等的农村土地制度、为农村后续改革奠定了基础、农业大兴水利和农业支持工业优先发展等四个方面,对我国当前发展适度规模农业经济具有重要借鉴意义。

During the period of the New Democratic Revolution,Mao Zedong explored agricultural cooperation through farmers’mutual assistance in production and mass production movement.After the founding of the People’s Republic of China,Mao Zedong comprehensively promoted the socialist transformation of agriculture through mutual aid groups,elementary societies and advanced societies,and six times criticized the right or corrected the“left”deviation in view of the differences within the Party,and finally realized and consolidated the agricultural collectivization.Mao Zedong’s thought of agriculture cooperation,as a great innovative achievement of the localization of Marxism in China,has three major characteristics.It not only followed the basic national condition of China with a large population but limited farmland,but also drew reference experiences from the practice of the feudal land systems of the old China and the collective farms in the Soviet Union.It aimed at building a fully consolidated socialist society in China.Its historical values are shown in the following four aspects:promoting equalization in rural land system,laying the foundation for follow-up land reforms,building water conservancy system,and developing agriculture to support industrial advancement.It also has an important reference significance to the development of moderate scale production in agriculture nowadays.