多轴特种车辆动力学建模及制动性能优化研究

Dynamic modeling and braking performance optimization of multi-axle special vehicle

为探究多轴特种车制动动力学特性,优化整车制动性能,以某5轴特种车辆为研究对象,通过分析其强耦合性机械系统,利用Adams/Car平台建立了包含制动系统、悬架系统、转向系统等精细化整车动力学模型。以路试实验60 km/h初速度紧急制动工况验证了模型的可靠性,并提出利用Adams/Insight优化制动管路压力分配系数方法和制动力协调控制关系优化方法以改善整车100 km/h紧急制动的制动性能。结果表明:基于Adams/insight的优化方法使制动距离和垂向加速度有所减小,提高了车辆纵向制动安全性和垂向稳定性;制动力协调控制方法的有效性更好,相比原模型有效减小了制动距离,且增加了紧急制动工况的横向稳定性;与6S/6M制动控制方式相适应的当量三轴协调关系相比五轴协调关系,改善效果有提升,拓展了探究多轴特种车制动性优化问题的思路。

Here,to explore braking dynamic characteristics of multi-axle special vehicle and optimize braking performance of the whole vehicle,taking a certain 5-axle special vehicle as the study object,through analyzing its strong coupling mechanical system,a refined vehicle dynamic model including braking system,suspension one and steering one was established by using Adams/Car platform.The reliability of the model was verified using road tests under the condition of emergency braking at 60 km/h initial speed.The software Adams/Insight was adopted to optimize braking pipeline pressure distribution coefficient and braking force coordinated control relationship,and improve the whole vehicle braking performance under the condition of emergency braking at 100 km/h initial speed.The results showed that the optimization method based on Adams/Insight can reduce braking distance and vertical acceleration,and improve the vehicle longitudinal braking safety and vertical stability;the effectiveness of the braking force coordinated control method is better,compared with the original model,it effectively reduces braking distance and increases lateral stability of emergency braking condition;compared with the 5-axis coordination relationship,the improving effect of the equivalent 3-axis coordination relationship corresponding to the 6S/6M braking control mode is higher to expand the idea of exploring braking performance optimization of multi-axle special vehicle.