阿尔茨海默病血液蛋白标志物的研究进展

Research Progress in Blood-based Protein Biomarkers in Alzheimer's Disease

阿尔茨海默病(AD)作为常见的中枢神经系统退行性疾病,早诊对其治疗非常重要。然而目前临床确诊需要进行有创的腰椎穿刺或昂贵的Aβ/TauPET检查,导致早期诊断滞后。外周血因具有无创易获取、适于疾病追踪随访等优点,多年来研究一直努力在其中寻找AD的早期特异性生物标志物。但由于血液中脑源性蛋白的浓度较低,且易受到血浆基质蛋白的干扰,既往应用传统的酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)对血液中AD相关蛋白检测的研究结果并不一致。近年来,一些超灵敏检测技术逐渐应用于AD血液蛋白标志物研究,有关结果表明血液中Aβ、p-Tau以及外泌体在AD的早期诊断、鉴别和预测等方面有潜在的应用价值。故本文对近5年来血液中AD蛋白标志物的研究进展进行综述,以提高对血液生物标志物在AD诊疗中的认识,并为其更好的早期应用于临床提供指导。

Alzheimer's disease(AD)is a common degenerative disease of the central nervous system,and early diagnosis is very important for treatment.However,invasive lumbar puncture or expensive Aβ/Tau PET examination for definite diagnosis is required,which leads to a delay in early diagnosis.Because it is non-invasive and convenient to collect blood sample,researchers have been trying to find cost-effective early AD biomarkers in it.However,due to the low concentration of brain-derived proteins in the blood and the susceptibility to interference from plasma matrix proteins,research outcomes about AD-related protein biomarkers in blood detected with traditional enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)were not consistent.In recent years,ultra-sensitive technologies have been applied to AD biomarkers detection,in which results indicated that Aβ,p-Tau and exosomes in the blood was valuable to the diagnosis,differential diagnosis and prediction of AD.Therefore,this article reviewed the research progress in AD protein biomarkers in blood in the past 5 years,in order to improve the understanding of blood biomarkers in AD diagnosis and treatment,and provide guidance for early clinical application.