民法典侵权责任编自助行为规则适用思考

Thoughts on the Application of Self-help Behavior Rules of Civil Code Tort Liability

“公权力有所不逮,私权利在所难免。”民事自助行为是权利人运用自己的私力保护和实现自己的合法权益,是一种非常态行为。为了降低自助行为规则适用带来的风险,在明确界定自助行为的基础上,严格限定民事自助行为适用条件与适用范围,只能在同时满足原因条件、时间条件、对象条件、主观条件、限度条件时,对侵权人的动产财产或者人身自由适用。并且明确如何与公力救济进行具体的衔接,在权利人实施自助行为后,仍然无法保护自己的权利时,可以向人民法院或者公安机关申请救济。

“Public power is inadequate,and private rights are inevitable.”Civil self-help behavior is that the right holder uses his own private power to protect and realize his legal rights and interests.It is an extraordinary behavior.In order to reduce the risks caused by the application of self-help behavior rules,on the basis of clearly defining self-help behavior,strictly restrict the application conditions and scope of civil self-help behavior,the self-help behavior rules can only apply freely to the infringer’s movable property or person’s property when the cause conditions,time conditions,object conditions,subjective conditions,and limit conditions are met at the same time.In addition,it is necessary to clarify how to make a concrete connection with public relief.After the rights holders have been unable to protect their rights after carrying out self-help activities,they can apply for relief to the people’s court or public security organ.