传播结构变动中的新闻业及其未来走向

The Journalistic Profession in the Changing Structure of Communication and Its Future Direction

传统新闻业凭借诸结构性要素之合力,逐渐从社会系统边缘走向中心,最终导致传播结构的“封闭化”。以“元技术”为基础的数字媒介打破固化的专业壁垒,解构封闭化的传播结构,进而促动杂合体新闻业的兴起。这种新闻传播新业态源自技术的“人性化”“智能化”和人的“技术化”“媒介化”,它是人类实体与以新技术要素为核心的非人类实体密切互动、共同发挥效力的新闻业态。技术成为重要的行动者,“联结”“开放”和“过程性”成为未来新闻活动的显著特征,大众传播时代形成的相对封闭、稳定的“强结构式新闻再生产”,逐渐被开放、联结且高度易变的“弱结构式新闻再生产”所取代。传播结构变动中的新闻业呈现高度不确定性。在超限的不确定性中寻求相对确定性,成为当下及未来新闻传播实践面临的巨大难题。

A combination of structural factors has gradually moved traditional journalism from the periphery of the social system to its center,a shift that eventually led to the "closure" of the communication structure.Digital media based on meta-technology broke down fixed professional barriers,deconstructed the closed communication structure,and went on to foster the rise of hybrid journalism.This new form of journalism comes from making technology more "humanized" and "intelligent, "and making humans more "technological" and "mediatized. "It allows human and nonhuman entities to interact closely and work together with new technological factors of production at the core.Technology has become an important player,and "linking" "opening" and "process" are becoming prominent features of future journalism practice."Weakly structured news reproduction," which is open,connected and highly volatile,has gradually replaced the relatively closed,stable and "strongly structured news reproduction" formed in the era of mass communication.In this changing communication structure,journalism is in a highly uncertain state.Seeking relative certainty amid infinite uncertainty has become a huge problem for the current and future practice of journalism.