美国史学界关于美国革命历史记忆的研究

A Historiographical Analysis of the Historical Memory of the American Revolution

20世纪80年代,记忆研究在美国史学界兴起。利用记忆研究提供的视角与方法,美国革命史的研究得以旧题新作,曲径通幽。美国革命历史记忆的研究根植于美国自身的学术和社会语境,受到政治文化研究、"身份政治"史学和公共史学三个重要的本土因素的推动。第二次世界大战后兴起的政治文化研究从情感和象征的维度考察政治生活,推动了初期美国革命记忆的研究。在此基础上,美国"后60年代"兴起的"身份政治"史学和公共史学将其推至繁盛,前者聚焦以普通民众和边缘群体为主体的革命记忆,后者力图探索革命记忆向博物馆、革命遗址、教科书等公共领域传播的过程。以此,呈现出历史与记忆、过去与当下、记忆与身份之间复杂的关系。

Memory studies in the United States rose in the 1980s and thenceforth transfused new blood into the research on the American Revolution,resulting in a revival of interests and renewed findings in the relevant field.Memory studies on the American Revolution have its academic roots in the distinct social and academic context in the United States,mainly propelled by the political culture research,’identity politics’history and public history.The vigorous researches conducted by the American scholars can afford a stronger insight into the traditional European theories of the historical memory,shedding lights on the nuanced relationship between past and present,history and memory,as well as memory and identity.